Siehe Details auf eBayerhältlich bei
Unverkauft Siehe ähnliche Artikel EUR 7,10 0 Gebote oder Preisvorschlag, EUR 7,04 Versand, 30-Tag Rücknahmen, eBay-Käuferschutz
Verkäufer: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (34.229) 99.8%, Artikelstandort: Manchester, Take a Look at My Other Items, GB, Versand nach: WORLDWIDE, Artikelnummer: 315490889024 Michael Jackson Elvis Goldmünze signiert King of Rock'n'Roll Popmusik 5 Sterne. Dr. Dre (2000)T Bone Burnett (2001)Arif Mardin (2002)The Neptunes (2003)John Shanks (2004)Steve Lillywhite (2005)Rick Rubin (2006)Mark Ronson (2007)Rick Rubin (2008)Brendan O'Brien (2009). Remix albums. Elvis & Michael Jackson The Kings of Music Coin Gold Plated Commemorative Coin The coin you will receive would not have been removed from its capsule The front has the image of MJ from "This is it" it also has his autograph, trademark and the words "Micheal Jackson" & "King of Pop" The other side is like a Vinyl Record In the middle is an image of Elvis Presley with the words "Elvis Presley" & "King of Rock and Roll". It also has his autograph The coin you will receive will come in air-tight acrylic coin holder which it has never been removed from The coin is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz In Excellent Condition Comes from a pet and smoke free home Bidding Starts at 1p...Grab a Bargain!!!! In Excellent Condition To see my other Music Items >> Check out my other items ! Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from almost 30,000 Satisfied Customers I have over 4 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together All my items Start at a Penny & I always combined postage on multiple items so why not > Check out my other items ! All Payment Methods in All Major Currencies Accepted. All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment. Overseas Bidders Please Note Surface Mail Delivery Times > Western Europe takes up to 2 weeks, Eastern Europe up to 5 weeks, North America up to 6 weeks, South America, Africa and Asia up to 8 weeks and Australasia up to 12 weeks For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain! Please Take a Moment Click Here to Check Out My Other items *** Please Do Not Click Here *** Click Here to Add me to Your List of Favourite Sellers If You Have any Questions Please Email Me at [E-Mail von eBay entfernt] and I Will Reply ASAP Thanks for Looking and Best of Luck with the Bidding!! I have sold items to coutries such as Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL) * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL) * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * Eritrea * Estonia * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (GB) * Faroe Islands (DK) * Fiji Islands * Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) * Guam (US) * Guatemala * Guernsey (GB) * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Guyana * Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) * Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) * Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro * Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago, London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok, Johannesburg, East Rand, Chennai, Taipei, Baghdad, Santiago, Bangalore, Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, f*ckuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Michael Jackson Article Talk Read View source View history Tools Featured article Extended-protected article Listen to this article From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation). "King of Pop" redirects here. For other uses, see King of Pop (disambiguation). Michael Jackson A photograph of Michael Jackson singing into a microphone Jackson performing in Vienna, 1988 Born Michael Joseph Jackson August 29, 1958 Gary, Indiana, US Died June 25, 2009 (aged 50) Los Angeles, California, US Cause of death Acute propofol intoxication Burial place Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California, US Other names Michael Joe Jackson Occupations Singersongwriterdancerrecord producer Spouses Lisa Marie Presley (m. 1994; div. 1996) Debbie Rowe (m. 1996; div. 2000) Children 3, including Paris Parents Joe Jackson (father) Katherine Jackson (mother) Family Jackson Awards Full list Musical career Genres Popsoulrhythm and bluesfunkrockdiscopost-discodance-popnew jack swing Instrument(s) Vocals Discography Albums discography Singles discography Years active 1964–2009 Labels SteeltownMotownEpicLegacySonyMJJ Productions Formerly of The Jackson 5 Website michaeljackson.com Signature Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Known as the "King of Pop", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. During his four-decade career, his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture. Jackson influenced artists across many music genres. Through stage and video performances, he popularized complicated street dance moves such as the moonwalk, which he named, as well as the robot. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his public debut in 1964 with his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 (later known as the Jacksons). Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records. He became a solo star with his 1979 album Off the Wall. His music videos, including those for "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" from his 1982 album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. He helped propel the success of MTV and continued to innovate with videos for the albums Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and Invincible (2001). Thriller became the best-selling album of all time, while Bad was the first album to produce five US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles.[nb 1] From the late 1980s, Jackson became a figure of controversy and speculation due to his changing appearance, relationships, behavior, and lifestyle. In 1993, he was accused of sexually abusing the child of a family friend. The lawsuit was settled out of civil court; Jackson was not indicted due to lack of evidence. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges. The FBI found no evidence of criminal conduct by Jackson in either case. In 2009, while he was preparing for a series of comeback concerts, This Is It, Jackson died from an overdose of propofol administered by his personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was convicted in 2011 of involuntary manslaughter for his involvement in Jackson's death. His death triggered reactions around the world, creating unprecedented surges of internet traffic and a spike in sales of his music. Jackson's televised memorial service, held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, was estimated to have been viewed by more than 2.5 billion people. Jackson is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with estimated sales of over 400 million records worldwide.[nb 2] He had 13 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles (fourth highest of any artist in the Hot 100 era) and was the first artist to have a top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades. His honors include 15 Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and 39 Guinness World Records, including the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time". Jackson's inductions include the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (twice), the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Dance Hall of Fame (making him the only recording artist to be inducted) and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame. Life and career Early life and the Jackson 5 (1958–1975) The single-story house has white walls, two windows, a central white door with a black door frame, and a black roof. In front of the house there is a walkway and multiple colored flowers and memorabilia. Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, pictured in March 2010 Michael Joseph Jackson[9][10] was born in Gary, Indiana, on August 29, 1958.[11][12] He was the eighth of ten children in the Jackson family, a working-class African-American family living in a two-bedroom house on Jackson Street.[13][14] His mother, Katherine Esther Jackson (née Scruse), played clarinet and piano, had aspired to be a country-and-western performer, and worked part-time at Sears.[15] She was a Jehovah's Witness.[16] His father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, a former boxer, was a crane operator at US Steel and played guitar with a local rhythm and blues band, the Falcons, to supplement the family's income.[17][18] Joe's great-grandfather, July "Jack" Gale, was a US Army scout; family lore held that he was also a Native American medicine man.[19] Michael grew up with three sisters (Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) and five brothers (Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy).[17] A sixth brother, Marlon's twin Brandon, died shortly after birth.[20] In 1964, Michael and Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers — a band formed by their father which included Jackie, Tito and Jermaine — as backup musicians playing congas and tambourine.[21][22] Michael said his father told him he had a "fat nose",[23] and physically and emotionally abused him during rehearsals. He recalled that Joe often sat in a chair with a belt in his hand as he and his siblings rehearsed, ready to punish any mistakes.[16][24] Joe acknowledged that he regularly whipped Michael.[25] Katherine said that although whipping came to be considered abuse, it was a common way to discipline children when Michael was growing up.[26][27] Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon denied that their father was abusive and said that the whippings, which had a deeper impact on Michael because he was younger, kept them disciplined and out of trouble.[28] Michael said that during his youth he was lonely and isolated.[29] Later in 1965, Michael began sharing lead vocals with Jermaine, and the group's name was changed to the Jackson 5.[30] In 1965, the group won a talent show; Michael performed the dance to Robert Parker's 1965 song "Barefootin'" and sang the Temptations' "My Girl".[31] From 1966 to 1968, the Jacksons 5 toured the Midwest; they frequently played at a string of black clubs known as the Chitlin' Circuit as the opening act for artists such as Sam & Dave, the O'Jays, Gladys Knight and Etta James. The Jackson 5 also performed at clubs and co*cktail lounges, where striptease shows were featured, and at local auditoriums and high school dances.[32][33] In August 1967, while touring the East Coast, they won a weekly amateur night concert at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.[34] Michael Jackson (center) as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1972. The group were among the first African American performers to attain a crossover following.[35] The Jackson 5 recorded several songs for a Gary record label, Steeltown Records; their first single, "Big Boy", was released in 1968.[36] Bobby Taylor of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers brought the Jackson 5 to Motown after they opened for Taylor at Chicago's Regal Theater in 1968. Taylor produced some of their early Motown recordings, including a version of "Who's Lovin' You".[37] After signing with Motown, the Jackson family relocated to Los Angeles.[38] In 1969, Motown executives decided Diana Ross should introduce the Jackson 5 to the public — partly to bolster her career in television — sending off what was considered Motown's last product of its "production line".[39] The Jackson 5 made their first television appearance in 1969 in the Miss Black America pageant, performing a cover of "It's Your Thing".[40] Rolling Stone later described the young Michael as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts" who "quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer".[41] In January 1970, "I Want You Back" became the first Jackson 5 song to reach number one on the US Billboard Hot 100; it stayed there for four weeks. Three more singles with Motown topped the chart: "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There".[42] In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large house at Hayvenhurst, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) estate in Encino, California.[43] During this period, Michael developed from a child performer into a teen idol.[44] Between 1972 and 1975, he released four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music & Me (1973) and Forever, Michael (1975).[45] "Got to Be There" and "Ben", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, sold well as singles, as did a cover of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin".[46] Michael maintained ties to the Jackson 5.[45] The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists".[47] They were frustrated by Motown's refusal to allow them creative input.[48] Jackson's performance of their top five single "Dancing Machine" on Soul Train popularized the robot dance.[49] Move to Epic and Off the Wall (1975–1981) The Jackson siblings in 1977, without Jermaine. From left, back row: Jackie, Michael, Tito, Marlon. Middle row: Randy, La Toya, Rebbie. Front row: Janet The Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975, signing with Epic Records and renaming themselves the Jacksons.[50] Their younger brother Randy joined the band around this time; Jermaine stayed with Motown and pursued a solo career.[51] The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's main songwriter during this time, wrote songs such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1978), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).[52] In 1977, Jackson moved to New York City to star as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical film directed by Sidney Lumet, alongside Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross.[53] The film was a box-office failure.[54] Its score was arranged by Quincy Jones,[55] who later produced three of Jackson's solo albums.[56] During his time in New York, Jackson frequented the Studio 54 nightclub, where he heard early hip hop; this influenced his beatboxing on future tracks such as "Working Day and Night".[57] In 1978, Jackson broke his nose during a dance routine. A rhinoplasty led to breathing difficulties that later affected his career. He was referred to Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's operations.[58] Jackson's fifth solo album, Off the Wall (1979), established him as a solo performer and helped him move from the bubblegum pop of his youth to more complex sounds.[44] It produced four top 10 entries in the US: "Off the Wall", "She's Out of My Life", and the chart-topping singles "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[59] The album reached number three on the US Billboard 200 and sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[60] In 1980, Jackson won three American Music Awards for his solo work: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[61][62] He also won a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for 1979 with "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[63] In 1981, Jackson was the American Music Awards winner for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist.[64] Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.[65] In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.[66] Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever (1982–1983) A sparkly jacket and gloves, displayed inside a transparent vertical tube. The sequined jacket and white glove worn by Jackson at Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. British Vogue called Jackson "a fashion pioneer [...] who gave new meaning to moonwalking, immortalised solitary, [and] sparkly gloves".[67] Jackson recorded with Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury from 1981 to 1983, recording demos of "State of Shock", "Victory" and "There Must Be More to Life Than This". The recordings were intended for an album of duets but, according to Queen's manager Jim Beach, the relationship soured when Jackson brought a llama into the recording studio,[68] and Jackson was upset by Mercury's drug use.[69] "There Must Be More to Life Than This" was released in 2014.[70] Jackson went on to record "State of Shock" with Mick Jagger for the Jacksons' album Victory (1984).[71] In 1982, Jackson contributed "Someone in the Dark" to the audiobook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. Jackson's sixth album, Thriller, was released in late 1982. It was the bestselling album worldwide in 1983,[72][73] and became the bestselling album of all time in the US[74] and the best-selling album of all time worldwide, selling an estimated 70 million copies.[75][76] It topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to produce seven Billboard Hot 100 top-10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It", and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[77] On March 25, 1983, Jackson reunited with his brothers for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, an NBC television special. The show aired on May 16 to an estimated audience of 47 million, and featured the Jacksons and other Motown stars.[78] Jackson's solo performance of "Billie Jean" earned him his first Emmy Award nomination.[79] Wearing a glove decorated with rhinestones,[80] he debuted his moonwalk dance, which Jeffrey Daniel had taught him three years earlier, and it became his signature dance in his repertoire.[81] Jackson had originally turned down the invitation to the show, believing he had been doing too much television. But at the request of Motown founder Berry Gordy, he performed in exchange for an opportunity to do a solo performance.[82] Rolling Stone reporter Mikal Gilmore called the performance "extraordinary".[44] Jackson's performance drew comparisons to Elvis Presley's and the Beatles' appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.[83] Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times praised the perfect timing and technique involved in the dance.[84] Gordy described being "mesmerized" by the performance.[85] At the 26th Annual Grammy Awards, Thriller won eight awards, and Jackson won an award for the E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial storybook. Winning eight Grammys in one ceremony is a record he holds with the band Santana.[63] Jackson and Quincy Jones won the award for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical). Thriller won Album of the Year (with Jackson as the album's artist and Jones as its co-producer), and the single won Best Pop Vocal Performance (Male) award for Jackson. "Beat It" won Record of the Year and Best Rock Vocal Performance (Male). "Billie Jean" won two Grammy awards: Best R&B Song and Best R&B Vocal Performance (Male), with Jackson as songwriter and singer respectively.[63] Thriller won the Grammy for Best Engineered Recording (Non Classical), acknowledging Bruce Swedien for his work on the album.[86] At the 11th Annual American Music Awards, Jackson won another eight awards and became the youngest artist to win the Award of Merit.[87] He also won Favorite Male Artist, Favorite Soul/R&B Artist, and Favorite Pop/Rock Artist. "Beat It" won Favorite Soul/R&B Video, Favorite Pop/Rock Video and Favorite Pop/Rock Single. The album won Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Pop/Rock Album.[87][88] Thriller's sales doubled after the release of an extended music video, Michael Jackson's Thriller, which sees Jackson dancing with a horde of zombies.[89][90] The success transformed Jackson into a dominant force in global pop culture.[90] Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point, with about $2 for every album sold (equivalent to $6 in 2022), and was making record-breaking profits. Dolls modeled after Jackson appeared in stores in May 1984 for $12 each.[91] In the same year, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller, a documentary about the music video, won a Grammy for Best Music Video (Longform).[63] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as "star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too."[91] The New York Times wrote "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[92] On May 14, 1984, President Ronald Reagan gave Jackson an award recognizing his support of alcohol and drug abuse charities,[93] and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson allowed the campaign to use "Beat It" for its public service announcements.[94] Pepsi incident and other commercial activities (1984–1985) President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan shortly before presenting Jackson with the award at the White House on May 14, 1984 Jackson inside the White House with the Reagans In November 1983, Jackson and his brothers partnered with PepsiCo in a $5 million promotional deal that broke records for a celebrity endorsem*nt (equivalent to $14.7 million in 2022). The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the US from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson helped to create the advertisem*nt, and suggested using his song "Billie Jean", with revised lyrics, as its jingle.[95] On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi commercial overseen by Phil Dusenberry,[96] a BBDO ad agency executive, and Alan Pottasch, Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. During a simulated concert before a full house of fans, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.[97] Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated the $1.5 million settlement to the Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California; its now-closed Michael Jackson Burn Center was named in his honor.[98][99] Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for $10 million. The second campaign covered 20 countries and provided financial support for Jackson's Bad album and 1987–88 world tour. Jackson had endorsem*nts and advertising deals with other companies, such as LA Gear, Suzuki, and Sony, but none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi.[95] The Victory Tour of 1984 headlined the Jacksons and showcased Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he did with his brothers.[100] Following controversy over the concert's ticket sales, Jackson donated his share of the proceeds, an estimated $3 to 5 million, to charity.[101] During the last concert of the Victory Tour at the Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, Jackson announced his split from the Jacksons during "Shake Your Body".[102] His charitable work continued with the release of "We Are the World" (1985), co-written with Lionel Richie,[103] which raised money for the poor in the US and Africa.[104] It earned $63 million (equivalent to $171 million in 2022),[104] and became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with 20 million copies sold.[105] It won four Grammy Awards in 1985, including Song of the Year for Jackson and Richie as its writers.[103] The project's creators received two special American Music Awards honors: one for the creation of the song and another for the USA for Africa idea. Jackson, Jones, and promoter Ken Kragen received special awards for their roles in the song's creation.[103][106][107][108] Jackson signing a "We Are the World" poster in 1985 Jackson collaborated with Paul McCartney in the early 1980s, and learned that McCartney was making $40 million a year from owning the rights to other artists' songs.[104] By 1983, Jackson had begun buying publishing rights to others' songs, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson's early acquisitions of music catalogs and song copyrights such as the Sly Stone collection included "Everyday People" (1968), Len Barry's "1–2–3" (1965), and Dion DiMucci's "The Wanderer" (1961) and "Runaround Sue" (1961). In 1984, Robert Holmes à Court announced he was selling the ATV Music Publishing catalog comprising the publishing rights to nearly 4,000 songs, including most of the Beatles' material.[109] In 1981, McCartney had been offered the catalog for £20 million ($40 million).[104][110] Jackson submitted a bid of $46 million on November 20, 1984.[109] When Jackson and McCartney were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, and did not pursue an offer on his own.[111][110] Jackson's agents were unable to come to a deal, and in May 1985 left talks after having spent more than $1 million and four months of due diligence work on the negotiations.[109] In June 1985, Jackson and Branca learned that Charles Koppelman's and Marty Bandier's The Entertainment Company had made a tentative offer to buy ATV Music for $50 million; in early August, Holmes à Court contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson's increased bid of $47.5 million (equivalent to $129 million in 2022) was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence.[109] Jackson agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the Channel Seven Perth Telethon.[112] His purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.[104][109] Increased tabloid speculation (1986–1987) See also: Health and appearance of Michael Jackson Jackson's skin had been medium-brown during his youth, but from the mid-1980s gradually grew paler. The change drew widespread media coverage, including speculation that he had been bleaching his skin.[113][114][115] His dermatologist, Arnold Klein, said he observed in 1983 that Jackson had vitiligo,[116] a condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. He also identified discoid lupus erythematosus in Jackson. He diagnosed Jackson with lupus that year,[116] and with vitiligo in 1986.[117] Vitiligo's drastic effects on the body can cause psychological distress. Jackson used fair-colored makeup,[118] and possibly skin-bleaching prescription creams,[119] to cover up the uneven blotches of color caused by the illness. The creams would depigment the blotches, and, with the application of makeup, he could appear very pale.[120] Jackson said he had not purposely bleached his skin and could not control his vitiligo, adding, "When people make up stories that I don't want to be who I am, it hurts me."[121] He became friends with Klein and Klein's assistant, Debbie Rowe. Rowe later became Jackson's second wife and the mother of his first two children.[122] In his 1988 autobiography and a 1993 interview, Jackson said he had had two rhinoplasty surgeries and a cleft chin surgery but no more than that. He said he lost weight in the early 1980s because of a change in diet to achieve a dancer's body.[123] Witnesses reported that he was often dizzy, and speculated he was suffering from anorexia nervosa. Periods of weight loss became a recurring problem later in his life.[124] After his death, Jackson's mother said that he first turned to cosmetic procedures to remedy his vitiligo, because he did not want to look like a "spotted cow". She said he had received more than the two cosmetic surgeries he claimed and speculated that he had become addicted to them.[125] In 1986, it was reported that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to slow aging He denied the story,[126] although it was alleged that Jackson leaked an image of him sleeping in a glass chamber (according to Jackson, this was a promotional shot from an upcoming space opera featuring himself) to The National Enquirer.[127] It was also reported that Jackson took female hormone shots to keep his voice high and facial hair wispy, proposed to Elizabeth Taylor and possibly had a shrine of her, and had cosmetic surgery on his eyes. Jackson's manager Frank DiLeo denied all of them, except for Jackson having a chamber. DiLeo added "I don't know if he sleeps in it. I'm not for it. But Michael thinks it's something that's probably healthy for him. He's a bit of a health fanatic."[128] When Jackson took his pet chimpanzee Bubbles to tour in Japan, the media portrayed Jackson as an aspiring Disney cartoon character who befriended animals.[129] It was also reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "Elephant Man").[130] In June 1987, the Chicago Tribune reported Jackson's publicist bidding $1 million for the skeleton to the London Hospital Medical College on his behalf. The college maintained the skeleton was not for sale. DiLeo said Jackson had an "absorbing interest" in Merrick, "purely based on his awareness of the ethical, medical and historical significance."[131] In September 1986, using the oxygen chamber story, the British tabloid The Sun branded Jackson "Wacko Jacko", a name Jackson came to despise.[10][132] The Atlantic noted that the name "Jacko" has racist connotations, as it originates from Jacko Macacco, a monkey used in monkey-baiting matches at the Westminster Pit in the early 1820s, and "Jacko" was used in co*ckney slang to refer to monkeys in general.[133] Jackson worked with George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola on the 17-minute $30 million 3D film Captain EO, which ran from 1986 at Disneyland and Epcot, and later at Tokyo Disneyland and Euro Disneyland.[134] After having been removed in the late 1990s, it returned to the theme park for several years after Jackson's death.[135] In 1987, Ebony reported that Jackson had disassociated himself from the Jehovah's Witnesses.[136] Katherine Jackson said this might have been because some Witnesses strongly opposed the Thriller video,[137] which Michael denounced in a Witness publication in 1984.[138] In 2001, Jackson told an interviewer he was still a Jehovah's Witness.[139] Bad, autobiography, and Neverland (1987–1990) Jackson and President George H. W. Bush at the White House on April 5, 1990. It was the second time that Jackson had been honored by a president of the United States. Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated, with the industry expecting another major success.[140] It became the first album to produce five US number-one singles: "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror", and "Dirty Diana". Another song, "Smooth Criminal", peaked at number seven.[59] Bad won the 1988 Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone".[63][86] Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards in 1989 after Bad generated five number-one singles, became the first album to top the charts in 25 countries and the bestselling album worldwide in 1987 and 1988.[141][142] By 2012, it had sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide.[143][144] The Bad World Tour ran from September 12, 1987, to January 14, 1989.[145] In Japan, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record for a single tour.[146] The 504,000 people who attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium set a new Guinness World Record.[147] In 1988, Jackson released his autobiography, Moonwalk, with input from Stephen Davis and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.[148] It sold 200,000 copies,[149] and reached the top of the New York Times bestsellers list.[150] Jackson discussed his childhood, the Jackson 5, and the abuse from his father.[151] He attributed his changing facial appearance to three plastic surgeries, puberty, weight loss, a strict vegetarian diet, a change in hairstyle, and stage lighting.[152][123] In June, Jackson was honored with the Grand Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris by the then Mayor of Paris Jacques Chirac during his stay in the city as part of the Bad World Tour.[153][154] In October, Jackson released a film, Moonwalker, which featured live footage and short films starring Jackson and Joe Pesci. In the US it was released direct-to-video and became the bestselling video cassette in the country.[155][156] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it as eight times Platinum in the US.[157] In March 1988, Jackson purchased 2,700 acres (11 km2) of land near Santa Ynez, California, to build a new home, Neverland Ranch, at a cost of $17 million (equivalent to $42 million in 2022).[158] He installed a Ferris wheel, a carousel, a movie theater and a zoo.[158][159][160] A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds.[159] Shortly afterwards, he appeared in the first Western television advertisem*nt in the Soviet Union.[161] Jackson became known as the "King of Pop", a nickname that Jackson's publicists embraced.[24][162][163] When Elizabeth Taylor presented him with the Soul Train Heritage Award in 1989, she called him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[164] President George H. W. Bush designated him the White House's "Artist of the Decade".[165] From 1985 to 1990, Jackson donated $455,000 to the United Negro College Fund,[166] and all profits from his single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[167] His rendition of "You Were There" at Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th birthday celebration won Jackson a second Emmy nomination.[79] Jackson was the bestselling artist of the 1980s.[168] Dangerous and public social work (1991–1993) In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million (equivalent to $140 million in 2022), a record-breaking deal,[169] beating Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[170] In 1991, he released his eighth album, Dangerous, co-produced with Teddy Riley.[171] It was certified eight times platinum in the US, and by 2018 had sold 32 million copies worldwide.[172][173] In the US, the first single, "Black or White", was the album's highest-charting song; it was number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks and achieved similar chart performances worldwide.[174] The second single, "Remember the Time" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[175] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was the bestselling album of the year worldwide and "Black or White" the bestselling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards.[168] In 1993, he performed "Remember the Time" at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he twisted his ankle during dance rehearsals.[176] In the UK, "Heal the World" made No. 2 on the charts in 1992.[177] Jackson during the Dangerous World Tour in 1993. Dangerous has been recognized by writers as an influence on contemporary pop and R&B artists.[178] Jackson founded the Heal the World Foundation in 1992. The charity brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to use the theme park rides, and sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease. That July, Jackson published his second book, Dancing the Dream, a collection of poetry. The Dangerous World Tour ran between June 1992 and November 1993 and grossed $100 million (equivalent to $200 million in 2022); Jackson performed for 3.5 million people in 70 concerts, all of which were outside the US.[179] Part of the proceeds went to Heal the World Foundation.[180] Jackson sold the broadcast rights of the tour to HBO for $20 million, a record-breaking deal that still stands.[181] Following the death of HIV/AIDS spokesperson and friend Ryan White, Jackson pleaded with the Clinton administration at Bill Clinton's inaugural gala to give more money to HIV/AIDS charities and research[182][183] and performed "Gone Too Soon", a song dedicated to White, and "Heal the World" at the gala.[184] Jackson visited Africa in early 1992; on his first stop in Gabon he was greeted by more than 100,000 people, some of them carrying signs that read "Welcome Home Michael",[185] and was awarded an Officer of the National Order of Merit from President Omar Bongo.[186][187] During his trip to Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief. He thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed documents formalizing his kingship, and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[185] In January 1993, Jackson performed at the Super Bowl XXVII halftime show in Pasadena, California. The NFL sought a big-name artist to keep ratings high during halftime following dwindling audience figures.[188][189] It was the first Super Bowl whose half-time performance drew greater audience figures than the game. Jackson played "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". Dangerous rose 90 places in the US albums chart after the performance.[113] Jackson gave a 90-minute interview with Oprah Winfrey on February 10, 1993. He spoke of his childhood abuse at the hands of his father; he believed he had missed out on much of his childhood, and said that he often cried from loneliness. He denied tabloid rumors that he had bought the bones of the Elephant Man, slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, or bleached his skin, and stated for the first time that he had vitiligo. After the interview, Dangerous re-entered the US albums chart in the top 10, more than a year after its release.[24][113] In January 1993, Jackson won three American Music Awards: Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single ("Remember the Time"), and was the first to win the International Artist Award of Excellence.[190][191] In February, he won the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles.[63] He attended the award ceremony with Brooke Shields.[192] Dangerous was nominated for Best Vocal Performance (for "Black or White"), Best R&B Vocal Performance ("Jam") and Best R&B Song ("Jam"), and Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley won the Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical.[86] First child sexual abuse accusations and first marriage (1993–1995) Main article: 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson In August 1993, Jackson was accused of child sexual abuse by a 13-year-old boy, Jordan Chandler, and his father, Evan Chandler.[193] Jordan said he and Jackson had engaged in acts of kissing, masturbation and oral sex.[194] While Jordan's mother initially told police that she did not believe Jackson had molested him, her position wavered a few days later.[195][196] Evan was recorded discussing his intention to pursue charges, which Jackson used to argue that he was the victim of a jealous father trying to extort money.[196] Jackson's older sister La Toya accused him of being a pedophile;[197] she later retracted this, saying she had been forced into it by her abusive husband.[198] Police raided Jackson's home in August and found two legal large-format art books featuring young boys playing, running and swimming in various states of undress.[199] Jackson denied knowing of the books' content and claimed if they were there someone had to send them to him and he did not open them.[200] Jordan Chandler gave police a description of Jackson's genitals. A strip search was made, and the jurors felt the description was not a match.[201][202][203] In January 1994, Jackson settled with the Chandlers out of court for a reported total sum of $23 million.[204] The police never pressed criminal charges.[205] Citing a lack of evidence without Jordan's testimony, the state closed its investigation on September 22, 1994.[206] Jackson had been taking painkillers for his reconstructive scalp surgeries, administered due to the Pepsi commercial accident in 1984, and became dependent on them to cope with the stress of the sexual abuse allegations.[207] On November 12, 1993, Jackson canceled the remainder of the Dangerous World Tour due to health problems, stress from the allegations and painkiller addiction. He thanked his close friend Elizabeth Taylor for support, encouragement and counsel. The end of the tour concluded his sponsorship deal with Pepsi.[208] In late 1993, Jackson proposed to Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley, over the phone.[209] They married in La Vega, Dominican Republic, in May 1994 by civil judge Hugo Francisco Álvarez Pérez.[210] The tabloid media speculated that the wedding was a publicity stunt to deflect away from Jackson's sexual abuse allegations and jump-start Presley's career as a singer.[211][210] Their marriage ended little more than a year later, and they separated in December 1995.[212] Presley cited "irreconcilable differences" when filing for divorce the next month and only sought to reclaim her maiden name as her settlement.[211][213] After the divorce, Judge Pérez said, "They lasted longer than I thought they would. I gave them a year. They lasted a year and a half."[210] Presley later said she and Jackson had attempted to reconcile intermittently for four years following their divorce, and that she had traveled the world to be with him.[214] Jackson composed music for the Sega Genesis video game Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (1994), but left the project around the time the sexual abuse allegations surfaced and went uncredited.[215][216] The Sega Technical Institute director Roger Hector and the Sonic co-creator Naoto Ohshima said that Jackson's involvement was terminated and his music reworked following the allegations.[217][218] However, Jackson's musical director Brad Buxer and other members of Jackson's team said Jackson went uncredited because he was unhappy with how the Genesis replicated his music.[219] HIStory, second marriage, fatherhood and Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1995–1997) Close-up of a pale skinned Jackson with black hair. He is wearing a black jacket with white designs on it. Jackson at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for the premiere of Michael Jackson's Ghosts In June 1995, Jackson released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, is a greatest hits album (reissued in 2001 as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I). The second disc, HIStory Continues, contains 13 original songs and two cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for eight million shipments in the US.[220] It is the bestselling multi-disc album of all time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[174][221] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.[63] The New York Times reviewed it as "the testimony of a musician whose self-pity now equals his talent".[222] The first single from HIStory was "Scream/Childhood". "Scream", a duet with Jackson's youngest sister Janet, protests the media's treatment of Jackson during the 1993 child abuse allegations against him. The single reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100,[175] and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals".[63] The second single, "You Are Not Alone", holds the Guinness world record for the first song to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[223] It received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance" in 1995.[63] In 1995 the Anti-Defamation League and other groups complained that "Jew me, sue me, everybody do me/ Kick me, kike me, don't you black or white me", the original lyrics of "They Don't Care About Us", were antisemitic. Jackson released a version with revised words.[224] In late 1995, Jackson was admitted to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance, caused by a stress-related panic attack.[225] In November, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division, creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. He retained ownership of half the company, earning $95 million up front (equivalent to $182 million in 2022) as well as the rights to more songs.[226][227] "Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995.[177] It became the 87th-bestselling single in the UK.[228] At the 1996 Brit Awards, Jackson's performance of "Earth Song" was disrupted by Pulp singer Jarvis co*cker, who was protesting what co*cker saw as Jackson's "Christ-like" persona. Jackson said the stage invasion was "disgusting and cowardly".[229][230] In 1996, Jackson won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form, for "Scream" and an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist.[63][231] In July 1996, Jackson performed for Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's fiftieth birthday at Jerudong Park Amphitheater, which was specifically built for that birthday concert.[232] Jackson was reportedly paid $17 million (equivalent to $32 million in 2022).[233] Jackson promoted HIStory with the HIStory World Tour, from September 7, 1996, to October 15, 1997. He performed 82 concerts in five continents, 35 countries and 58 cities to over 4.5 million fans, his most attended tour. It grossed $165 million.[145] During the tour, in Sydney, Australia, Jackson married Debbie Rowe, a dermatology assistant, who was six months pregnant with his first child.[234] Michael Joseph Jackson Jr. (commonly known as Prince) was born on February 13, 1997. His sister Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson was born on April 3, 1998.[235] Jackson and Rowe divorced in 2000, Rowe conceded custody of the children, with an $8 million settlement (equivalent to $14.1 million in 2022).[236] In 2004, after the second child abuse allegations against Jackson, she returned to court to reclaim custody. The suit was settled in 2006.[237] In 1997, Jackson released Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, which contained remixes of singles from HIStory and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at 6 million copies, making it the best-selling remix album. It reached number one in the UK, as did the single "Blood on the Dance Floor".[238] In the US, the album reached number 24 and was certified platinum.[172] Label dispute and Invincible (1997–2002) From October 1997 to September 2001, Jackson worked on his tenth solo album, Invincible, which cost $30 million to record, making it the most expensive album of all time.[239] In June 1999, Jackson joined Luciano Pavarotti for a War Child benefit concert in Modena, Italy. The show raised a million dollars for refugees of the Kosovo War, and additional funds for the children of Guatemala.[240] Later that month, Jackson organized a series of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boyz II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, A. R. Rahman, Prabhu Deva Sundaram, Shobana, Andrea Bocelli and Luciano Pavarotti. The proceeds went to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, the Red Cross and UNESCO.[241] In 1999, Jackson was presented with the "Outstanding Humanitarian Award" at Bollywood Movie Awards in New York City where he noted Mahatma Gandhi to have been an inspiration for him.[242][243] From August 1999 to 2000, he lived in New York City at 4 East 74th Street.[244] At the turn of the century, Jackson won an American Music Award as Artist of the 1980s.[245] In 2000, Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities, more than any other entertainer.[246] In September 2001, two 30th Anniversary concerts were held at Madison Square Garden to mark Jackson's 30th year as a solo artist. Jackson performed with his brothers for the first time since 1984. The show also featured Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, Destiny's Child, Monica, Liza Minnelli and Slash. The first show was marred by technical lapses, and the crowd booed a speech by Marlon Brando.[247] Almost 30 million people watched the television broadcast of the shows in November.[248] After the September 11 attacks (in which Jackson narrowly avoided death by oversleeping and missing a scheduled meeting at the World Trade Center[249]), Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C., on October 21, 2001. Jackson performed "What More Can I Give" as the finale.[250] The release of Invincible was preceded by a dispute between Jackson and his record label, Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him in the early 2000s, after which he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep the profits, but clauses in the contract set the revert date years into the future. Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[251] Invincible was released on October 30, 2001. It was Jackson's first full-length album in six years, and the last album of original material he released in his lifetime.[251] It debuted at number one in 13 countries, and went on to sell eight million copies worldwide, receiving double-platinum certification in the US.[172][252][253] On January 9, 2002, Jackson won his 22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century.[254][255] Later that year, an anonymous surrogate mother gave birth to his third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed "Blanket"[a]), who had been conceived by artificial insemination.[256] On November 20, Jackson briefly held Blanket over the railing of his Berlin hotel room, four stories above ground level, prompting widespread criticism in the media. Jackson apologized for the incident, calling it "a terrible mistake".[257] On January 22, promoter Marcel Avram filed a breach of contract complaint against Jackson for failing to perform two planned 1999 concerts.[258] In March, a Santa Maria jury ordered Jackson to pay Avram $5.3 million.[259][260] On December 18, 2003, Jackson's attorneys dropped all appeals on the verdict and settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount.[261] On April 24, 2002, Jackson performed at Apollo Theater. The concert was a fundraiser for the Democratic National Committee and former President Bill Clinton.[262] The money collected would be used to encourage citizens to vote. It raised $2.5 million.[263] The concert was called Michael Jackson: Live at the Apollo and was one of Jackson's final on-stage performances.[264] In July 2002, Jackson called Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola "a racist, and very, very, very devilish," and someone who exploits black artists for his own gain, at Al Sharpton's National Action Network in Harlem. The accusation prompted Sharpton to form a coalition investigating whether Mottola exploited black artists.[265] Jackson charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigg*r".[266] Responding to those attacks, Sony issued a statement calling them "ludicrous, spiteful, and hurtful" and defended Mottola as someone who had championed Jackson's career for many years.[265] Sony ultimately refused to renew Jackson's contract and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the US for Invincible.[239] Documentary, Number Ones, second child abuse allegations and acquittal (2002–2005) Further information: Trial of Michael Jackson Jackson in Las Vegas, 2003 Beginning in May 2002, a documentary film crew led by Martin Bashir followed Jackson for several months.[257] The documentary, broadcast in February 2003 as Living with Michael Jackson, showed Jackson holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with a twelve-year-old boy.[23][267] He said that he saw nothing wrong with having sleepovers with minors and sharing his bed and bedroom with various people, which aroused controversy. He insisted that the sleepovers were not sexual and that his words had been misunderstood.[268][269] In October 2003, Jackson received the Key to the City of Las Vegas from Mayor Oscar Goodman.[270] On November 18, 2003, Sony released Number Ones, a greatest hits compilation. It was certified five times platinum by the RIAA, and ten times platinum in the UK, for shipments of at least 3 million units.[172][271] On December 18, 2003, Santa Barbara authorities charged Jackson with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of intoxicating a minor with alcoholic drinks.[272] Jackson denied the allegations and pleaded not guilty.[273] The People v. Jackson trial began on January 31, 2005, in Santa Maria, California, and lasted until the end of May. Jackson found the experience stressful and it affected his health. If convicted, he would have faced up to twenty years in prison.[274] On June 13, 2005, Jackson was acquitted on all counts.[275] FBI files on Jackson, released in 2009, revealed the FBI's role in the 2005 trial and the 1993 allegations, and showed that the FBI found no evidence of criminal conduct on Jackson's behalf.[276][277] Final years, financial problems, Thriller 25 and This Is It (2005–2009) Jackson is wearing an overcoat and walking from left to right. His face is obscured by his hair. His son is wearing a mask and a baseball cap. Two men are with them; a third person is holding an umbrella over the Jacksons. Jackson and his son Blanket in Disneyland Paris, 2006 After the trial, Jackson became reclusive.[278] In June 2005, he moved to Bahrain as a guest of Sheikh Abdullah.[279] In early 2006, it was announced that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain startup, Two Seas Records. Nothing came of the deal, and the Two Seas CEO, Guy Holmes, later said it was never finalized.[280][281] Holmes also found that Jackson was on the verge of bankruptcy and was involved in 47 ongoing lawsuits.[279] By September 2006, Jackson was no longer affiliated with Two Seas.[281] In April 2006, Jackson agreed to use a piece of his ATV catalog stake, then worth about $1 billion, as collateral against his $270 million worth of loans from Bank of America. Bank of America had sold the loans to Fortress Investments, an investment company that buys distressed loans, the year before. As part of the agreement, Fortress Investments provided Jackson a new loan of $300 million with reduced interest payments (equivalent to $440 million in 2022). Sony Music would have the option to buy half of his stake, or about 25% of the catalog, at a set price. Jackson's financial managers had urged him to shed part of his stake to avoid bankruptcy.[227][282] The main house at Neverland Ranch was closed as a cost-cutting measure, while Jackson lived in Bahrain at the hospitality of Abdullah.[283] At least thirty of Jackson's employees had not been paid on time and were owed $306,000 in back wages. Jackson was ordered to pay $100,000 in penalties.[227] Jackson never returned to Neverland after his acquittal.[284] In mid-2006, Jackson moved to Grouse Lodge, a residential recording studio near Rosemount, County Westmeath, Ireland. There, he began work on a new album with the American producers will.i.am and Rodney Jenkins.[285] That November, Jackson invited an Access Hollywood camera crew into the studio in Westmeath.[174] On November 15, Jackson briefly joined in on a performance of "We Are the World" at the World Music Awards in London, his last public performance, and accepted the Diamond Award for sales of 100 million records.[174][286] He returned to the US in December, settling in Las Vegas. That month, he attended James Brown's funeral in Augusta, Georgia, where he gave a eulogy calling Brown his greatest inspiration.[287] A view from above of a large property in a semi-desert. The landscape is pale with clumps of vegetation. The property shows circular structures between the buildings. An aerial view of part of Jackson's 2,800-acre (11 km2) Neverland Valley Ranch near Los Olivos, California, showing the rides In 2007, Jackson and Sony bought another music publishing company, Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. The deal gave Jackson the rights to songs by Eminem and Beck, among others.[288][289] In a brief interview, Jackson said he had no regrets about his career despite his problems and "deliberate attempts to hurt [him]".[290] That March, Jackson visited a US Army post in Japan, Camp Zama, to greet more than 3,000 troops and their families.[291][292] As of September, Jackson was still working on his next album, which he never completed.[293] In 2008, for the 25th anniversary of Thriller, Jackson and Sony released Thriller 25, with two remixes released as singles: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008".[294] For Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest hits albums, King of Pop, with different tracklists for different regions.[295] That July, Fortress Investments threatened to foreclose on Neverland Ranch, which Jackson had used as collateral for his loans. Fortress sold Jackson's debts to Colony Capital LLC.[296][297] In November, Jackson transferred Neverland Ranch's title to Sycamore Valley Ranch Company LLC, a joint venture between Jackson and Colony Capital LLC. The deal earned him $35 million.[298] In 2009, Jackson arranged to sell a collection of his memorabilia of more than 1,000 items through Julien's Auction House, but canceled the auction in April.[299] In March 2009, amid speculation about his finances and health, Jackson announced a series of comeback concerts, This Is It, at a press conference at the O2 Arena.[300] The shows were to be his first major concerts since the HIStory World Tour in 1997. Jackson suggested he would retire after the shows. The initial plan was for ten concerts in London, followed by shows in Paris, New York City and Mumbai. Randy Phillips, the president and chief executive of AEG Live, predicted the first ten dates would earn Jackson £50 million.[301] The London residency was increased to fifty dates after record-breaking ticket sales; more than one million were sold in less than two hours.[302] The concerts were to run from July 13, 2009, to March 6, 2010. Jackson moved to Los Angeles, where he rehearsed in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of the choreographer Kenny Ortega, whom he had worked with during his previous tours. Rehearsals took place at the Forum and the Staples Center owned by AEG.[303] By this point, Jackson's debt had grown to almost $500 million. By the time of his death, he was three or four months behind payments of his home in San Fernando Valley.[304][305] The Independent reported that Jackson planned a string of further ventures designed to recoup his debts, including a world tour, a new album, films, a museum and a casino.[300] Death Main article: Death of Michael Jackson Jackson's Star with flowers and notes on it Fans placed flowers and notes on Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on the day of his death On June 25, 2009, less than three weeks before his concert residency was due to begin in London, with all concerts sold out, Jackson died from cardiac arrest, caused by a propofol and benzodiazepine overdose.[306][307] Conrad Murray, his personal physician, had given Jackson various medications to help him sleep at his rented mansion in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles. Paramedics received a 911 call at 12:22 pm Pacific time (19:22 UTC) and arrived three minutes later.[308][309] Jackson was not breathing and CPR was performed.[310] Resuscitation efforts continued en route to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and for more than an hour after Jackson's arrival there, but were unsuccessful,[311][312] and Jackson was pronounced dead at 2:26 pm Pacific time (21:26 UTC).[313][314] Murray had administered propofol, lorazepam, and midazolam;[315] his death was caused by a propofol overdose.[307][312] News of his death spread quickly online, causing websites to slow down and crash from user overload,[316] and putting unprecedented strain[317] on services and websites including Google,[318] AOL Instant Messenger,[317] Twitter, and Wikipedia.[318] Overall, web traffic rose by between 11% and 20%.[319][320] MTV and BET aired marathons of Jackson's music videos,[321] and Jackson specials aired on television stations around the world.[322] MTV briefly returned to its original music video format,[11] and aired hours of Jackson's music videos, with live news specials featuring reactions from MTV personalities and other celebrities.[323] Memorial service Main article: Michael Jackson memorial service A large pink/cream-colored box in front of a stained glass window. Jackson's unmarked crypt at the end of the Sanctuary of Ascension in the Holly Terrace of the Great Mausoleum, Forest Lawn Glendale A group of people standing outside a gated area. There are trees, bushes, and grassed areas. A majority of the area the people and in are shadowed by the trees by the gate. Fans visiting the makeshift memorial set up outside the Neverland Ranch entrance shortly after Jackson's death Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Over 1.6 million fans applied for tickets to the memorial; the 8,750 recipients were drawn at random, and each received two tickets.[324] The memorial service was one of the most watched events in streaming history,[325] with an estimated US audience of 31.1 million[326] and a worldwide audience of an estimated 2.5 to 3 billion.[327][328] Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, Jennifer Hudson, and Shaheen Jafargholi performed at the memorial, and Smokey Robinson and Queen Latifah gave eulogies.[329] Al Sharpton received a standing ovation with cheers when he told Jackson's children: "Wasn't nothing strange about your daddy. It was strange what your daddy had to deal with. But he dealt with it anyway."[330] Jackson's 11-year-old daughter Paris Katherine, speaking publicly for the first time, wept as she addressed the crowd.[331][332] Lucious Smith provided a closing prayer.[333] On September 3, 2009, the body of Jackson was entombed at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[334] Criminal investigation and prosecution of Conrad Murray Main article: People v. Murray In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide.[335][336] Law enforcement officials charged Murray with involuntary manslaughter on February 8, 2010.[337] In late 2011, he was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter[338] and held without bail to await sentencing.[339] Murray was sentenced to four years in prison.[340] Posthumous sales At the 2009 American Music Awards, Jackson won four posthumous awards, including two for his compilation album Number Ones, bringing his total American Music Awards to 26.[341][342] In the year after his death, more than 16.1 million copies of Jackson's albums were sold in the US alone, and 35 million copies were sold worldwide, more than any other artist in 2009.[343][344] He became the first artist to sell one million music downloads in a week, with 2.6 million song downloads. Thriller, Number Ones and The Essential Michael Jackson became the first catalog albums to outsell any new album.[345] Jackson also became the first artist to have four of the top-20 bestselling albums in a single year in the US.[346] Following the surge in sales, in March 2010, Sony Music signed a $250 million deal (equivalent to $340 million in 2022) with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to Jackson's back catalog until at least 2017; it had been due to expire in 2015. It was the most expensive music contract for a single artist in history.[347][348] They agreed to release ten albums of previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[347][349] The deal was extended in 2017.[350] That July, a Los Angeles court awarded Quincy Jones $9.4 million of disputed royalty payments for Off the Wall, Thriller, and Bad.[56] In July 2018, Sony/ATV bought the estate's stake in EMI for $287.5 million.[351] In 2014, Jackson became the first artist to have a top-ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades.[352] The following year, Thriller became the first album to be certified for 30 million shipments by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[7] A year later, it was certified 33× platinum after Soundscan added streams and audio downloads to album certifications.[353][nb 3] Posthumous releases and productions The first posthumous Jackson song, "This Is It", co-written in the 1980s with Paul Anka, was released in October 2009. The surviving Jackson brothers reunited to record backing vocals.[355] It was followed by a documentary film about the rehearsals for the canceled This Is It tour, Michael Jackson's This Is It,[356] and a compilation album.[357] Despite a limited two-week engagement, the film became the highest-grossing documentary or concert film ever, with earnings of more than $260 million worldwide.[358] Jackson's estate received 90% of the profits.[359] In late 2010, Sony released the first posthumous album, Michael, and the promotional single "Breaking News". The Jackson collaborator will.i.am expressed disgust, saying that Jackson would not have approved the release.[360] The video game developer Ubisoft released a music game featuring Jackson for the 2010 holiday season, Michael Jackson: The Experience. It was among the first games to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the motion-detecting camera systems for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.[361] In April 2011, Mohamed Al-Fayed, the chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club stadium, Craven Cottage.[362] It was moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in May 2014,[363] and removed from display in March 2019 following renewed sexual assault allegations.[364] In October 2011, the theater company Cirque du Soleil launched Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour, a $57-million production,[365] in Montreal, with a permanent show resident in Las Vegas.[366] A larger and more theatrical Cirque show, Michael Jackson: One, designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas, opened on May 23, 2013, in a renovated theater.[367][368] In 2012, in an attempt to end a family dispute, Jackson's brother Jermaine retracted his signature on a public letter criticizing executors of Jackson's estate and his mother's advisors over the legitimacy of his brother's will.[369] T.J. Jackson, the son of Tito Jackson, was given co-guardianship of Michael Jackson's children after false reports of Katherine Jackson going missing.[370] Xscape, an album of unreleased material, was released on May 13, 2014.[371] The lead single, a duet between Jackson and Justin Timberlake, "Love Never Felt So Good", reached number 9 on the US Billboard Hot 100, making Jackson the first artist to have a top-10 single on the chart in five different decades.[372] Later in 2014, Queen released a duet recorded with Jackson in the 1980s.[70] A compilation album, Scream, was released on September 29, 2017.[373] A jukebox musical, MJ the Musical, premiered on Broadway in 2022.[374] Myles Frost won the 2022 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Jackson.[375] On November 18, 2022, a 40th-anniversary edition reissue of Thriller was released.[376][377] A biographical film based on Jackson's life, Michael, was due to enter production through Lionsgate in 2023, but it was put on hold amid the SAG-AFTRA strike.[378] It will be directed by Antoine Fuqua, produced by Graham King and written by John Logan.[379] Jackson will be played by Jaafar Jackson, a son of Jackson's brother Jermaine. Deadline Hollywood reported that the film "will not shy away from the controversies of Jackson's life".[380] Posthumous child sexual abuse allegations A smiling Jackson wears a blue baseball cap and a red shirt. On his right are two women. One holds a pen, and one holds a small purse. On his left, a young boy looks off-camera. He is dressed in a red shirt, too. Jackson's hand is on his shoulder. Jackson and Safechuck (right) in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1988 In 2013, the choreographer Wade Robson filed a lawsuit alleging that Jackson had sexually abused him for seven years, beginning when he was seven years old (1989–1996).[381] In 2014, a case was filed by James Safechuck, alleging sexual abuse over a four-year period from the age of ten (1988–1992).[382][383][384] Both had testified in Jackson's defense during the 1993 allegations; Robson did so again in 2005.[385][386] In 2015, Robson's case against Jackson's estate was dismissed as it had been filed too late. Safechuck's claim was also time-barred.[387] In 2017, it was ruled that Jackson's corporations could not be held accountable for his alleged past actions.[388][389] The rulings were appealed. On October 20, 2020, Safechuck's lawsuit against Jackson's corporations was again dismissed. The judge ruled that there was no evidence that Safechuck had had a relationship with Jackson's corporation, nor was it proven that there was a special relationship between the two.[390][391][392][393] On April 26, 2021, Robson's case was dismissed because of a lack of supporting evidence that the defendants exercised control over Jackson.[394] Robson and Safechuck described their allegations against Jackson in graphic detail in the documentary Leaving Neverland, released in March 2019.[395] Radio stations in New Zealand, Canada, the UK and the Netherlands removed Jackson's music from their playlists.[396][397][398] Jackson's family condemned the film as a "public lynching",[399] and the Jackson estate released a statement calling the film a "tabloid character assassination [Jackson] endured in life, and now in death".[400] Close associates of Jackson, such as Corey Feldman, Aaron Carter, Brett Barnes, and Macaulay Culkin, said that Jackson had not molested them.[401][402][403] Documentaries such as Square One: Michael Jackson, Neverland Firsthand: Investigating the Michael Jackson Documentary and Michael Jackson: Chase the Truth, presented information countering the claims suggested by Leaving Neverland.[404][405][406] Jackson's album sales increased following the documentary screenings.[407] Billboard senior editor Gail Mitchell said she and a colleague interviewed about thirty music executives who believed Jackson's legacy could withstand the controversy.[408] In late 2019, some New Zealand and Canadian radio stations re-added Jackson's music to their playlists, citing "positive listener survey results".[409][410] On February 21, 2019, the Jackson estate sued HBO for breaching a non-disparagement clause from a 1992 contract. The suit sought to compel HBO to participate in a non-confidential arbitration that could result in $100 million or more in damages awarded to the estate.[411] HBO said they did not breach a contract and filed an anti-SLAPP motion against the estate. In September 2019, Judge George H. Wu denied HBO's motion to dismiss the case, allowing the Jackson estate to arbitrate.[412] HBO appealed, but in December 2020 the appeals court affirmed Wu's ruling.[413] In 2020, a state law passed in California which granted plaintiffs in child sex abuse cases an additional period to file lawsuits. In October 2020 and again in April 2021, the Los Angeles County Superior Court ruled that MJJ Productions Inc. and MJJ Ventures Inc. employees were not legally obligated to protect the two men from Jackson. In August 2023, Californias Second District Court of Appeal overturned the ruling, and the case was approved to move forward to trial court.[414] Legacy See also: Cultural impact of Michael Jackson and List of Michael Jackson records and achievements Jackson has been referred to as the "King of Pop" for having transformed the art of music videos and paving the way for modern pop music. For much of Jackson's career, he had an unparalleled worldwide influence over the younger generation.[415] His influence extended beyond the music industry; he impacted dance, led fashion trends, and raised awareness for global affairs.[416] Jackson's music and videos fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster and steered its focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring.[44] In songs such as "Man in the Mirror", "Black or White", "Heal the World", "Earth Song" and "They Don't Care About Us", Jackson's music emphasized racial integration and environmentalism and protested injustice.[417][418] He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records.[419][420] Jackson has also appeared on Rolling Stone's lists of the Greatest Singers of All Time.[421][422] He is considered one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century,[423] and his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.[424][425][426] Trying to trace Michael Jackson's influence on the pop stars that followed him is like trying to trace the influence of oxygen and gravity. So vast, far-reaching and was his impact—particularly in the wake of Thriller's colossal and heretofore unmatched commercial success—that there weren't a whole lot of artists who weren't trying to mimic some of the Jackson formula. — J. Edward Keyes of Rolling Stone[427] Danyel Smith, chief content officer of Vibe Media Group and the editor-in-chief of Vibe, described Jackson as "the greatest star".[428] Steve Huey of AllMusic called him "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the skills to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility and loads of sheer star power".[10] BET said Jackson was "quite simply the greatest entertainer of all time" whose "sound, style, movement and legacy continues to inspire artists of all genres".[429] Jackson's Bad era wax figure at Madame Tussauds, London in 1992 In 1984, Time pop critic Jay co*cks wrote that "Jackson is the biggest thing since the Beatles. He is the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley. He just may be the most popular black singer ever." He described Jackson as a "star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style, and color too."[91] In 2003, The Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson as "extremely important" and a "genius".[430] At Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009, Motown founder Berry Gordy called Jackson "the greatest entertainer that ever lived".[431][432] In a June 28, 2009 Baltimore Sun article, Jill Rosen wrote that Jackson's legacy influenced fields including sound, dance, fashion, music videos and celebrity.[433] Pop critic Robert Christgau wrote that Jackson's work from the 1970s to the early 1990s showed "immense originality, adaptability, and ambition" with "genius beats, hooks, arrangements, and vocals (though not lyrics)", music that "will stand forever as a reproach to the puritanical notion that pop music is slick or shallow and that's the end of it". During the 1990s, as Jackson lost control of his "troubling life", his music suffered and began to shape "an arc not merely of promise fulfilled and outlived, but of something approaching tragedy: a phenomenally ebullient child star tops himself like none before, only to transmute audibly into a lost weirdo".[434] In the 2000s, Christgau wrote: "Jackson's obsession with fame, his grotesque life magnified by his grotesque wealth, are such an offense to rock aesthetes that the fact that he's a great musician is now often forgotten".[435] Philanthropy and humanitarian work Main article: Philanthropy of Michael Jackson Jackson is regarded as a prolific philanthropist and humanitarian.[436][437][438][439] Jackson's early charitable work has been described by The Chronicle of Philanthropy as having "paved the way for the current surge in celebrity philanthropy",[440] and by the Los Angeles Times as having "set the standard for generosity for other entertainers".[436] By some estimates, he donated over $500 million, not accounting for inflation, to various charities over the course of his life.[436] The total monetary value of Jackson's donations may be substantially higher, since Jackson often gave anonymously and without fanfare. In addition to supporting several charities established by others, in 1992 Jackson established his Heal the World Foundation, to which he donated several million dollars in revenue from his Dangerous World Tour.[441] Jackson's philanthropic activities went beyond just monetary donations. He also performed at benefit concerts, some of which he arranged. He gifted tickets for his regular concert performances to groups that assist underprivileged children. He visited sick children in hospitals around the world. He opened his own home for visits by underprivileged or sick children and provided special facilities and nurses if the children needed that level of care. Jackson donated valuable, personal and professional paraphernalia for numerous charity auctions. He received various awards and accolades for his philanthropic work, including two bestowed by presidents of the United States. The vast breadth of Jackson's philanthropic work has earned recognition in the Guinness World Records.[436][442][443] Artistry Influences Jackson was influenced by musicians including James Brown, Little Richard, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire, Sammy Davis Jr., Gene Kelly,[444] and David Ruffin.[445] Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson,[446] but Brown was his greatest inspiration; he later said that as a small child, his mother would wake him whenever Brown appeared on television. Jackson described being "mesmerized".[447] Jackson's vocal technique was influenced by Diana Ross; his use of the oooh interjection from a young age was something Ross had used on many of her songs with the Supremes.[448] She was a mother figure to him, and he often watched her rehearse.[449] He said he had learned a lot from watching how she moved and sang, and that she had encouraged him to have confidence in himself.[450] Choreographer David Winters, who met Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, said that Jackson watched the musical West Side Story almost every week, and it was his favorite film; he paid tribute to it in "Beat It" and the "Bad" video.[451][452][453] Vocal style Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed. Between 1971 and 1975, his voice descended from boy soprano to lyric tenor.[454] He was known for his vocal range.[421] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded; Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder, and wrote that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly."[455] By the time of 1982's Thriller, Rolling Stone wrote that Jackson was singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".[456] The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals.[457] Of Invincible, Rolling Stone wrote that, at 43, Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".[458] Joseph Vogel notes Jackson's ability to use non-verbal sounds to express emotion.[459] Neil McCormick wrote that Jackson's unorthodox singing style "was original and utterly distinctive".[460] Musicianship Jackson had no formal music training and could not read or write music notation. He is credited for playing guitar, keyboard, and drums, but was not proficient in them.[461] When composing, he recorded ideas by beatboxing and imitating instruments vocally.[461] Describing the process, he said: "I'll just sing the bass part into the tape recorder. I'll take that bass lick and put the chords of the melody over the bass lick and that's what inspires the melody." The engineer Robert Hoffman recalled that after Jackson came in with a song he had written overnight, Jackson sang every note of every chord to a guitar player. Hoffman also remembered Jackson singing string arrangements part by part into a cassette recorder.[461] Dance Jackson danced from a young age as part of the Jackson 5,[462] and incorporated dance extensively in his performances and music videos.[462] According to Sanjoy Roy of The Guardian, Jackson would "flick and retract his limbs like switchblades, or snap out of a tornado spin into a perfectly poised toe-stand".[462] The moonwalk, taught to him by Jeffrey Daniel,[81] was Jackson's signature dance move and one of the most famous of the 20th century.[463] Jackson is credited for coining the name "moonwalk"; the move was previously known as the "backslide".[464][465] His other moves included the robot,[49] crotch grab, and the "anti-gravity" lean of the "Smooth Criminal" video.[462] Themes and genres Black and white photo of Jackson holding a microphone and singing. Jackson during his Bad World Tour in Vienna, June 1988 Jackson explored genres including pop,[10][466] soul,[10][159] rhythm and blues,[466] funk,[467] rock,[466][467] disco,[468] post-disco,[467] dance-pop[469] and new jack swing.[10] Steve Huey of AllMusic wrote that Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful.[10] Its tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature", and "The Girl Is Mine",[470][456][471] the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'",[470][456] and the disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)".[471] With Off the Wall, Jackson's "vocabulary of grunts, squeals, hiccups, moans, and asides" vividly showed his maturation into an adult, Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981). The album's title track suggested to the critic a parallel between Jackson and Stevie Wonder's "oddball" music personas: "Since childhood his main contact with the real world has been on stage and in bed."[472] With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery.[456] AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'".[470] In "Billie Jean", Jackson depicts an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered her child,[10] and in "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media.[456] "Beat It" decried gang violence in a homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey.[10][41] He observed that "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.[10] A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulders, a gold band on its left arm sleeve, and two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round ornament in its center. Jackson's Bad era jacket on display at the Hollywood Guinness World Records Museum In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover is seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana".[473] The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, and "Man in the Mirror" is a ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" is an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder.[140] AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a paradoxical person.[474] The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". It was the first Jackson album in which social ills became a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. Dangerous contains sexually charged songs such as "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith".[457] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.[475] HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia.[476] In the new jack swing-funk rock tracks "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", and the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs his anger at the media.[477] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments his "fall from grace"; "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are operatic pop songs.[476][477] In "D.S.", Jackson attacks lawyer Thomas W. Sneddon Jr., who had prosecuted him in both child sexual abuse cases; he describes Sneddon as a white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive".[478] Invincible includes urban soul tracks such as "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn", and "Butterflies", and mixes hip hop, pop, and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".[479][480] Music videos and choreography A man is singing into a microphone under a spotlight. He wears a blue open-neck shirt over a white T-shirt, and dark pants. There are two colorfully-dressed men on either side of him. Jackson (center) performing a dance sequence of "The Way You Make Me Feel" at the Bad World Tour in 1988 Jackson released "Thriller", a 14-minute music video directed by John Landis, in 1983.[481] The zombie-themed video "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on MTV, which had launched two years earlier.[44] Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American.[482] Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", which led to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, and helped other black music artists gain recognition.[483] The popularity of his videos on MTV helped the relatively new channel's viewing figures, and MTV's focus shifted toward pop and R&B.[483][484] His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage shows, making it acceptable for artists to lip-sync to music video on stage.[485] The choreography in Thriller has been copied in Indian films and prisons in the Philippines.[486] Thriller marked an increase in scale for music videos, and was named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.[223] In "Bad"'s 19-minute video—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson used sexual imagery and choreography, and touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Winfrey in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he said it was spontaneously compelled by the music. Time magazine described the "Bad" video as "infamous". It featured Wesley Snipes; Jackson's later videos often featured famous cameo roles.[487][488] For the "Smooth Criminal" video, Jackson experimented with leaning forward at a 45 degree angle, beyond the performer's center of gravity. To accomplish this live, Jackson and designers developed a special shoe to lock the performer's feet to the stage, allowing them to lean forward. They were granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452 for the device.[489] The video for "Leave Me Alone" was not officially released in the US, but in 1989 was nominated for three Billboard Music Video Awards[490] and won a Golden Lion Award for its special effects. It won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[63] He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988; in 2001 the award was renamed in his honor.[491] The "Black or White" video simultaneously premiered on November 14, 1991, in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest audience ever for a music video at the time.[174] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped introduce morphing to music videos.[492] It was controversial for scenes in which Jackson rubs his crotch, vandalizes cars, and throws a garbage can through a storefront. He apologized and removed the final scene of the video.[163] "In the Closet" featured Naomi Campbell in a courtship dance with Jackson.[493] "Remember the Time" was set in ancient Egypt, and featured Eddie Murphy, Iman, and Magic Johnson.[494] The video for "Scream", directed by Mark Romanek and production designer Tom Foden, gained a record 11 MTV Video Music Award Nominations, and won "Best Dance Video", "Best Choreography", and "Best Art Direction".[495] The song and its video are Jackson's response to being accused of child molestation in 1993.[496] A year later, it won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form. It has been reported as the most expensive music video ever made, at $7 million;[497] Romanek has contradicted this.[498] The "Earth Song" video was nominated for the 1997 Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form.[499] Michael Jackson's Ghosts, a short film written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. At over 38 minutes long, it held the Guinness world record for the longest music video until 2013, when it was eclipsed by the video for the Pharrell Williams song "Happy".[500] The 2001 video for "You Rock My World" lasts over 13 minutes, was directed by Paul Hunter, and features Chris Tucker and Marlon Brando.[501] It won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video in 2002.[502] In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected "Thriller" as the only music video to be preserved in the National Film Registry, as a work of "enduring importance to American culture".[503][504] Huey wrote that Jackson transformed the music video into an artform and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameos, while breaking down racial barriers.[10] Honors and awards See also: List of awards and nominations received by Michael Jackson The Thriller platinum certified record on display at the Hard Rock Cafe in Hollywood. As of 2017, it is certified 33× platinum.[353] Jackson is one of the best-selling music artists in history,[505] with sales estimated by various sources up to 400 million – 1 billion.[506][Note 2] He had 13 number-one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era.[507] He was invited and honored by a president of the United States at the White House three times. In 1984, he was honored with a "Presidential Public Safety Commendation" award by Ronald Reagan for his humanitarian endeavors.[508] In 1990, he was honored as the "Artist of the Decade" by George H. W. Bush.[509] In 1992, he was honored as a "Point of Light Ambassador" by Bush for inviting disadvantaged children to his Neverland Ranch.[510] Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him one of the most-awarded artists in popular music.[511] His awards include 39 Guinness World Records, including the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time,[419][420] 13 Grammy Awards,[512] as well as the Grammy Legend Award[513] and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award,[514] and 26 American Music Awards, including the Artist of the Century and Artist of the 1980s.[245] He also received the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[515] Jackson was inducted onto the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 as a member of the Jacksons, and in 1984 as a solo artist. He was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Vocal Group Hall of Fame as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1997 and 1999,[516] respectively, and again as a solo artist in 2001.[517] In 2002, he was added to the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[518] In 2010, he was the first recording artist to be inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame,[519] and in 2014, he was posthumously inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.[520] In 2021, he was among the inaugural inductees into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.[521] In 1988, Fisk University honored him with an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters.[522] In 1992, he was invested as a titular king of Sanwi, a traditional kingdom located in the south-east of Ivory Coast.[523] In July 2009, the Lunar Republic Society named a crater on the Moon after Jackson.[524] In August, for what would have been Jackson's 51st birthday, Google dedicated their Google Doodle to him.[525] In 2012, the extinct hermit crab Mesoparapylocheles michaeljacksoni was named in his honor.[526] In 2014, the British Council of Cultural Relations deemed Jackson's life one of the 80 most important cultural moments of the 20th century.[527] World Vitiligo Day has been celebrated on June 25, the anniversary of Jackson's death, to raise awareness of the auto-immune disorder that Jackson suffered from.[528] Earnings Main article: Estate of Michael Jackson In 1989, Jackson's annual earnings from album sales, endorsem*nts, and concerts were estimated at $125 million.[223] Forbes placed Jackson's annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997.[529] Estimates of Jackson's net worth during his life range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million for 2002, 2003 and 2007.[530][531] Forbes reported in August 2018 that Jackson's total career pretax earnings in life and death were $4.2 billion.[532][533] Sales of his recordings through Sony's music unit earned him an estimated $300 million in royalties. He may have earned another $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog), endorsem*nts, merchandising and music videos.[534] In 2013, the executors of Jackson's estate filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over US federal estate taxes.[535] The executors claim that it was worth about $7 million, the IRS that it was worth over $1.1 billion. In February 2014, the IRS reported that Jackson's estate owed $702 million; $505 million in taxes, and $197 million in penalties.[536] A trial was held from February 6 to 24, 2017.[537] In 2021, the Tax Court issued a ruling in favor of the estate, ruling that the estate's total combined value of the estate was $111.5 million and that the value of Jackson's name and likeness was $4 million (not the $61 million estimated by the IRS's outside expert witness).[538] In 2016, Forbes estimated annual gross earnings by the Jackson Estate at $825 million, the largest ever recorded for a celebrity, mostly due to the sale of the Sony/ATV catalog.[539] In 2018, the figure was $400 million.[540] It was the eighth year since his death that Jackson's annual earnings were reported to be over $100 million, thus bringing Jackson's postmortem total to $2.4 billion.[541] Forbes has consistently recognized Jackson as one of the top-earning dead celebrities since his death, and placed him at the top spot from 2013 to 2020.[542] Discography Main articles: Michael Jackson albums discography and Michael Jackson singles discography See also: The Jackson 5 discography Got to Be There (1972) Ben (1972) Music & Me (1973) Forever, Michael (1975) Off the Wall (1979) Thriller (1982) Bad (1987) Dangerous (1991) HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) Invincible (2001) Filmography See also: Michael Jackson videography The Wiz (1978) Michael Jackson's Thriller (1983) Captain EO (1986) Moonwalker (1988) Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1997) Men in Black II (2002) Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls (2004) Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009) Bad 25 (2012) Michael Jackson's Journey from Motown to Off the Wall (2016) Tours Main article: List of Michael Jackson concerts Bad World Tour (1987–1989) Dangerous World Tour (1992–1993) HIStory World Tour (1996–1997) MJ & Friends (1999) See also List of dancers Notes "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror", and "Dirty Diana" In 2006, Raymone Bain, Jackson's publicist at that time, claimed that Michael Jackson had sold over 750 million units.[1][2] Since 2006, several sources such as Billboard or Reuters claimed that Michael Jackson had sold around 750 million records;[3][4] while others such as MTV or CBS News claimed that his sales were over 750 million albums.[5][6] In 2009, The Wall Street Journal disputed the 750 million figure (if it referred to albums, instead of units).[2] Later, in 2015, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) stated that Michael Jackson had sold 1 billion records worldwide.[7][8] In 2018, its US sales record was overtaken by the Eagles' album Greatest Hits 1971–75, with 38× platinum.[354] Blanket changed his name to "Bigi" in 2015. References Citations Bain, Raymone K. (October 31, 2006). "Statement from Raymone Bain to all fans and fanclubs". Mjtmc.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 10, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2021. "Michael Jackson's Partial Comeback Is No Thriller". Billboard. November 16, 2006. Retrieved December 17, 2021. "Factbox: The life and death of pop star Michael Jackson". Reuters (Press release). September 6, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2021. Ditzian, Eric (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, by the Numbers". MTV. Retrieved December 17, 2021. "Michael Jackson Opens Up". CBS News. November 6, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2021. "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification". Recording Industry Association of America. December 16, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2021. Adamczyk, Alicia (December 16, 2015). "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Just Smashed Another Record". Money. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2016. County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). Michael Jackson death certificate. Huey, Steve. "Michael Jackson – Artist Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Barnes, Brokes (June 25, 2009). "A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009. "Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King of Pop". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. June 24, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2016. Jackson 2009, p. 26. Young 2009, p. 18. Young 2009, pp. 17, 19. Petridis, Alexis (June 27, 2018). "Joe Jackson was one of the most monstrous fathers in pop". The Guardian. Retrieved April 18, 2019. Sweeting, Adam (June 27, 2018). "Joe Jackson obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Young 2009, pp. 18–19. Knopper 2016, p. 6. Note: No tribal affiliation named in source. Morris, Chris (June 27, 2018). "Joe Jackson, Jackson Family Patriarch, Dies at 89". Variety. Retrieved April 27, 2019. "Michael Jackson: a life of highs and lows". The Daily Telegraph. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2019. Jackson, Jermaine (2011). You Are Not Alone: Michael: Through a Brother's Eyes. Simon & Schuster. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4516-5156-0. "Jackson interview seen by 14m". BBC News. February 4, 2003. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Lewis Jones 2005, pp. 165–168. "Can Michael Jackson's demons be explained?". BBC News. June 27, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Katherine Jackson: Michael's strict upbringing not abuse (video). CNN. May 15, 2012. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Duke, Alan (July 21, 2009). "Joe Jackson denies abusing Michael" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson Brothers: Was Joe Jackson Abusive?". Yahoo! Celebrity. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Young 2009, p. 24. Burton, Charlie (February 7, 2018). "Inside the Jackson machine". GQ. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 13–14. Young 2009, pp. 21–22. "Triumph & Tragedy: The Life of Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone India. August 25, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Young 2009, p. 22. Aletti, Vince (November 26, 1970). "Jackson Five: The Biggest Thing Since the Stones". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 27, 2020. Young 2009, p. 21. Knopper, Steve (July 23, 2017). "Bobby Taylor, Motown Singer Who Discovered Jackson 5, Dead at 83". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 1, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 59–69. Harper, Phillip Brian (Winter 1989). "Synesthesia, "Crossover," and Blacks in Popular Music". Social Text (23): 110. doi:10.2307/466423. JSTOR 466423. Easlea, Daryl (2016). Michael Jackson: Rewind: The Life and Legacy of Pop Music's King. Race Point Publishing. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-63106-253-7. "Michael Jackson – Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 2, 2008. Bronson, Fred (November 15, 2017). "48 Years Ago Today, 'I Want You Back' Kicked It All Off for the Jackson 5". Billboard. Retrieved April 6, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 81–82. Young 2009, p. 25. McNulty, Bernadette (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's music: the solo albums". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 98–99. Alban, Debra (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson broke down racial barriers" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Brown, Helen (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson and Motown: the boy behind the marketing". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Mansour 2005, p. 403: 'The Robot was a mimelike dance, popularized by The Jackson 5 and their Top Ten hit "Dancing Machine"' Huey, Steve. "The Jackson 5 – Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved April 8, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 138–144. "The Jackson 5 Biography". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Gibron, Bill (July 7, 2009). "You Can't Win Michael Jackson and 'The Wiz'". PopMatters. Retrieved May 10, 2017. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 178–179. Bronson 2003, p. 207. "Who's bad? Michael Jackson's estate owes Quincy Jones $9.4m in royalties, jury decides". The Guardian. Associated Press. July 27, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Leight, Elias (February 5, 2015). "10 Things We Learned from Spike Lee's Michael Jackson Doc". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 27, 2017. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 205–210. Trust, Gary (January 21, 2018). "Ask Billboard: Remembering the Time When Michael Jackson Kept Hitting the Hot 100's Top 10, From 'Thriller' to 'Dangerous'". Billboard. Retrieved April 7, 2019. "Michael Jackson: Off The Wall". Virgin Media. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Donna Summer and Michael Jackson sweep Annual American Music Awards". The Ledger. Associated Press. January 20, 1980. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Peters, Ida (February 2, 1980). "Donna No. 1, Pop and Soul; Michael Jackson King of Soul". The Afro-American. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. February 15, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2019. "Few Surprises in Music Awards". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. February 1, 1981. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 188. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 191. Neel, Julia (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson – A Tribute". British Vogue. Retrieved March 27, 2020. Locker, Melissa (July 29, 2013). "Michael Jackson and Freddie Mercury: Three Duets Coming Out This Fall". Time. Retrieved June 26, 2015. "The real Freddie Mercury: why the Queen biopic only tells part of the story". The Times. October 19, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018. Greene, Andy (September 19, 2014). "Hear Michael Jackson and Freddie Mercury's Long-Lost Duet". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2016. Earls, John (August 2, 2014). "Producer of new Queen album featuring Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson vocals is revealed". NME. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Michael: He's Not Just the Rock Star of the Year, He's the Rock Star of the '80s". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 20, 1983. Retrieved July 5, 2010. "Cash register's ring sweet music to record industry". The Gadsden Times. Associated Press. March 26, 1984. Retrieved July 5, 2010. "Diamond Awards". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Crookes, Del (May 4, 2012). "Adele's 21 overtakes sales of Thriller in UK album list". Newsbeat. Retrieved July 2, 2021. Asian News International (ANI) (September 27, 2009). "MJ nearly scrapped 'Thriller' release". Zee News. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2021. Lewis Jones 2005, p. 47. Williams, Janette (June 24, 2009). "Michael Jackson left indelible mark on Pasadena". Whittier Daily News. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Fatal Cardiac Arrest Strikes Michael Jackson". Emmys.com. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson glove sells for $350,000". BBC News. November 22, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2019. Daniel, Jeffrey (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson 1958–2009". Time. Retrieved April 19, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 234–237. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 238–241. Kisselgoff, Anna (March 6, 1988). "Stage: The Dancing Feet of Michael Jackson". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Berry Gordy Addresses Michael Jackson Memorial Service". Hark. Archived from the original on May 9, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Past Winners Search: Bruce Swedien". The Recording Academy. Retrieved February 14, 2008. "Michael Jackson sweeps American Music Awards". Daily News. Associated Press. January 17, 1984. Retrieved June 16, 2010. "Winners Database: Search Results for "Michael Jackson"". American Music Awards. American Music Award. Retrieved July 18, 2018. Hebblethwaite, Phil (November 21, 2013). "How Michael Jackson's Thriller changed music videos for ever". The Guardian. Retrieved November 28, 2019. Griffin, Nancy (June 24, 2010). "The "Thriller" Diaries". Vanity Fair. Retrieved November 28, 2019. co*cks, Jay (March 19, 1984). "Why He's a Thriller". Time. Retrieved April 25, 2010. Pareles, Jon (January 14, 1984). "Michael Jackson at 25: A Musical Phenomenon". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 304–307. "Drunk Driving Prevention (1983–Present)". Advertising Education Foundation. 2003. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Herrera, Monica (July 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson, Pepsi Made Marketing History". Billboard. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Story, Louise (December 31, 2007). "Philip B. Dusenberry, 71, Adman, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Shivaprasad, Sindhu (August 30, 2016). "Reliving the icon who defined music history: The eternal moonwalker, King of Pop – Michael Jackson". Big News Network (Press release). Retrieved December 1, 2021. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 279–287. "Michael Jackson Burn Center Closes". Associated Press News (Press release). August 28, 1987. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. "1984 Michael Jackson Tour". Newsweek. July 15, 1984. Retrieved December 1, 2021. Vogel, Joseph (September 24, 2017). "Michael Jackson's Forgotten Humanitarian Legacy". HuffPost. Retrieved December 1, 2021. Lecocq, Richard; Allard, François (2018). Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track. London, England: Cassell. ISBN 9781788400572. "Past Winners Search: "We Are the World"". The Recording Academy. Retrieved January 29, 2014. Doyle, Jack (July 7, 2009). ""Michael & McCartney": 1980s–2009". The Pop History Dig. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Breznican, Anthony (June 30, 2009). "The many faces of Michael Jackson". USA Today. Retrieved June 11, 2015. "Bruce shows who's Boss". Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. January 28, 1986. Retrieved June 16, 2010. Campbell 1993, p. 114. Young 2009, pp. 340–344. Hilburn, Robert (September 22, 1985). "The long and winding road". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Paul McCartney refused an offer to buy the ATV Catalog for £20 million ($40 million)". Mjjinfo.blogspot.fr. November 13, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 333–338. "Michael Jackson 1958–2009". Today Tonight. June 25, 2009. Coverage of the sale of ATV Music at 2:36 minutes in. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2011. Campbell 1995, pp. 14–16. Parameswaran 2011, pp. 75–77. DeMello 2012, p. 152. Rosenberg, Alyssa (February 2, 2016). "To understand Michael Jackson and his skin, you have to go beyond race". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2019. Wilson, Jeff (February 12, 1993). "The Aftermath of Michael Jackson and Oprah: What About His Face?". Associated Press News (Press release). Retrieved September 17, 2019. Kolata, Gina (February 13, 1993). "Doctor Says Michael Jackson Has a Skin Disease". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2019. Kreps, Daniel (March 29, 2010). "Search of Michael Jackson's Home Revealed Skin-Whitening Creams". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 17, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 434–436. "The Michael Jackson Interview: Oprah Reflects". The Oprah Winfrey Show. September 16, 2009. p. 3. Retrieved April 24, 2017. "Arnold Klein, Dermatologist Who Smoothed Stars' Wrinkles, Dies at 70". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 10, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2019. Jackson 2009, pp. 229–230. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 312–313. "Michael Jackson was addicted to plastic surgery, his mother says". The Sydney Morning Herald. November 10, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Music's misunderstood superstar". BBC News. June 13, 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taylor, Trey (September 27, 2018). "Hollyweird: Michael Jackson and the Making of Disney's 'Captain EO'". Paper. Retrieved October 1, 2023. Durkee, Cutler (September 14, 1987). "Unlike Anyone, Even Himself". People. Vol. 28, no. 11. Retrieved June 29, 2019. Goldberg, Michael; Handelman, David (September 24, 1987). "Is Michael Jackson for Real?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 355–361. "Jackson Ups Bid for Skeleton of 'Elephant Man'". Chicago Tribune. United Press International. June 17, 1987. Retrieved June 20, 2019. Jackson, Michael (September 12, 1997). "Jackson interview with Barbara Walters". 20/20 (Interview). Interviewed by Barbara Walters. ABC. Vogel, Joseph (September 9, 2012). "How Michael Jackson Made 'Bad'". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 20, 2019. Bevil, Dewayne (June 30, 2010). "What's old is new again as 'Captain EO' returns to Epcot". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 6, 2019. "Captain EO is Back to Change the World". IGN. February 23, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Johnson, Robert E. (September 1987). "Michael Jackson Comes Back!". Ebony. Vol. 42, no. 11. pp. 143, 148–9. ISSN 0012-9011. Jackson, Katherine (October 1990). "Mother of Jackson Family Tells All". Ebony. Vol. 45, no. 12. p. 66. ISSN 0012-9011. In 1987, he left the Jehovah's Witnesses. There was strong opposition to his "Thriller" video on the part of some Witnesses. Perhaps the controversy figured into his decision to leave. But I don't know that for a fact because I didn't talk to him about what he'd done. I couldn't. Witnesses do not discuss spiritual matters with a person who has disassociated himself from the Witnesses, including family members. But I want to stress that, contrary to published reports, I was not required to "shun" my son. Our relationship is as loving today as it was when he was a Witness. I just can't ask him, "Why, Michael?" "I Would Never Do It Again!". Awake. Jehovah's Witnesses. May 22, 1984. p. 20. Retrieved September 11, 2018. "The Man in the Mirror". TV Guide. November 10–16, 2001. p. 20. TVG: How did you avoid self-destruction? MJ [Michael Jackson]: I think religion entered in? TVG: Are you still a Jehovah's Witness? MJ: Yeah. co*cks, Jay (September 14, 1987). "Music: The Badder They Come". Time. Retrieved April 25, 2010. "Michael, Travis top Music Award winners". Lodi News-Sentinel. United Press International. January 30, 1989. Retrieved June 16, 2010. "Jackson tour on its way to u.s." Mercury News. January 12, 1988. Retrieved July 5, 2010. "50 fastest selling albums ever". NME. April 27, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Sinha-Roy, Piya (May 21, 2012). "Michael Jackson is still "Bad," 25 years after album". Reuters (Press release). Lewis Jones 2005, pp. 95–96. Harrington, Richard (January 12, 1988). "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2013. "16 of Michael Jackson's Greatest Non-Musical Achievements". Brainz.org. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Vincent, Alice (March 11, 2019). "When Michael Jackson (almost) told all: the story of his bizarre autobiography Moonwalk". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2019. Shanahan, Mark; Golstein, Meredith (June 27, 2009). "Remembering Michael". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Best Seller List a Cakewalk for Moonwalk". Associated Press News (Press release). May 6, 1988. Retrieved April 8, 2019. Jackson 2009, pp. 29–31. Ditzian, Eric (October 12, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Memoir, 'Moonwalk': Read Excerpts Here!". MTV. Retrieved June 20, 2019. "Michael's Last Tour". Ebony. Vol. 44, no. 6. April 1989. p. 148. ISSN 0012-9011. "Michael Jackson et ses amis". Premiere (in French). June 26, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2022. "Michael Jackson's Moonwalker at 25". Clash. November 7, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Entertainment Notes: Moonwalker Tops Thriller". Deseret News. February 6, 1989. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Michael Jackson's Neverland on sale". The Times. Reuters. June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015. "Michael Jackson – Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (August 1, 2014). "Michael Jackson Neverland Ranch expected to fetch up to $85m". The Guardian. Retrieved June 11, 2015. Mull, Marison (May 6, 1988). "Pepsi Ads to Run on Soviet TV". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Tannenbaum & Marks 2011, Chapter 41, "I Want to Have a Nickname". Browne, David (June 25, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Black or White". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Campbell 1993, pp. 260–263. "Remarks on the Upcoming Summit with President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union". The American Presidency Project. April 5, 1990. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Blacks Who Give Something Back". Ebony. Vol. 45, no. 3. March 1990. p. 68. ISSN 0012-9011. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 382. "Garth Brooks ropes in most Billboard awards". The Beaver County Times. Associated Press. December 10, 1992. Retrieved July 4, 2010. Montgomery, James (July 6, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986–1999)". MTV. Gray, Chris; Shah, Saeed (October 3, 2002). "Robbie swings historic record deal with EMI". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Willman, Chris (November 24, 1991). "Michael Jackson's 'Dangerous'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 11, 2015. "Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – Jackson, Michael". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's best selling studio albums". The Daily Telegraph. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2021. "The return of the King of Pop". Today. November 2, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson Chart History". Billboard. September 12, 2008. "Jackson Shows Up to Gather Awards, Despite Ankle Injury". Los Angeles Times. March 11, 1993. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved July 16, 2019. "Michael Jackson". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 7, 2019. Weiss, Jeff (August 7, 2016). "Michael Jackson: Dangerous". Pitchfork. Retrieved March 27, 2020. Harrington, Richard (February 5, 1992). "Jackson to Tour Overseas". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Zad, Martie (October 4, 1992). "Michael Jackson Concert from Bucharest on HBO Saturday". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 452–454. "Stars line up for Clinton celebration". Los Angeles Daily News. January 19, 1993. Smith, Patricia (January 20, 1992). "Facing the music and the masses at the presidential gala". The Boston Globe. Stuart, Tessa; Spanos, Brittany; Grow, Kory (January 19, 2017). "From Dylan to Beyonce: Most Legendary Inauguration Performances". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Michael Jackson: Crowned in Africa, Pop Music King Tells Real Story Of Controversial Trip". Ebony. Vol. 47, no. 5. May 1992. pp. 34–43. ISSN 0012-9011. Hugeux, Vincent (September 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson l'Africain". L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021. "Hommage à Michael Jackson: deux ans déjà" (in French). China Internet Information Center. June 25, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2021. Sandomir, Richard (June 29, 2009). "How Jackson Redefined the Super Bowl". The New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2013. Rosenthal, Phil (February 6, 2011). "Goal of spectacle colors NFL's thinking about Super Bowl halftime show". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 20, 2017. "Cyrus, Bolton please the fans". Toledo Blade. Associated Press. January 27, 1993. Retrieved March 3, 2023. Rosen, Craig (February 6, 1993). "Michael Jackson Cops 3 Top Prizes". Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 6. p. 12. ISSN 0006-2510. McShane, Larry (February 25, 1983). "Grammy moments – memorable and forgettable". Deseret News. p. C3. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse". BBC News. February 8, 2003. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 496–498. Sullivan, Randall (2012). "South". Untouchable: The Strange Life & Tragic Death of Michael Jackson. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4582-6. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 477–478. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 534–540. Campbell 1995, pp. 28–29. Broder, John M. (April 30, 2005). "Jackson's Books About Boys Are Allowed as Evidence in Trial". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Jackson, Michael; Presley, Lisa Marie (June 19, 1995). "Interview". ABC Primetime (Interview). Interviewed by Diane Sawyer. "Photos May Contradict Michael's Accuser". USA Today. May 2, 1994. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2019. Halperin, Ian (2009). Unmasked: The Final Years of Michael Jackson. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-7719-8. Ebert, John David (2010). Dead Celebrities, Living Icons: Tragedy and Fame in the Age of the Multimedia Superstar. Praeger. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-313-37764-8. Steinhaus, Rochelle (June 16, 2004). "Jackson settlement from 1993 allegations topped $20 million". CNN. Retrieved April 15, 2021. "Jackson's 'past' allowed in court". BBC News. March 29, 2005. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Mydans, Seth (September 22, 1994). "No Charges for Now Against Michael Jackson". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Warrant Allows a Strip Search of Jackson". Deseret News. Associated Press. November 16, 1993. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Philips, Chuck; Newton, Jim (November 13, 1993). "Jackson Ends World Tour, Cites Painkiller Addiction". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 518–520. Fenton, Matthew McCann (May 30, 2001). "Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley wed". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "She's out of his life" (Press release). CNN. January 18, 1996. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 580–581. Schodolski, Vincent J. (January 19, 1996). "After 20 Months, Jackson and Presley Agree to Divorce". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Lisa Marie Presley Opens Up About Michael Jackson". January 20, 2011. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2022. Horowitz, Ken (May 19, 2009). "Sega Legends: Michael Jackson & Sonic 3". Sega-16. Retrieved March 13, 2021. Nightingale, Ed (June 23, 2022). "Yuji Naka confirms Michael Jackson wrote music for Sonic 3". Eurogamer. Retrieved June 23, 2022. Szczepaniak, John (2018). The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 3. S.M.G Szczepaniak. p. 292. ISBN 978-0992926083. Carless, Simon (March 27, 2006). "Michael Jackson's Secret Sonic 3 Shame". GameSetWatch. Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021. Van Luling, Todd (January 25, 2016). "The Michael Jackson Video Game Conspiracy". HuffPost. Retrieved March 13, 2021. "Top 100 Albums". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's best selling studio albums". The Daily Telegraph. June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2015. Pareles, Jon (June 18, 1995). "Pop View; Michael Jackson Is Angry, Understand?". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "News – Jackson receives his World Records". Yahoo!. November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Harrington, Richard (June 23, 1995). "Michael Jackson changes his tune on lyrics". The Washington Post. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 576–577. "Company News; Michael Jackson sells rights to Beatles songs to Sony". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 8, 1995. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Leeds, Jeff; Sorkin, Andrew Ross (April 13, 2006). "Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2008. Myers, Justin (December 14, 2018). "The best-selling singles of all time on the Official UK Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 7, 2019. McKie, John (February 21, 1996). "Brits brawl as co*cker 'pulps' Jackson chorus". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2019. "Brit Awards: Brits behaving badly". BBC News. March 4, 2000. Retrieved April 6, 2019. Christensen, Thor (January 30, 1996). "Brooks turns down award for favorite artist of the year". Rome News-Tribune. Retrieved June 16, 2010. "60,000 Attend Free Michael Jackson Concert". Associated Press. Hall, James (January 24, 2023). "Inside the Middle East's private gig gravy train for musicians, from Beyoncé to Michael Jackson". The Telegraph. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 570–586. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 580–581, 597. "Debbie Rowe, Michael Jackson's ex-wife and kids' mom, to testify". Los Angeles Times. August 14, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2022. "Jackson child custody fight ends". BBC News. September 30, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Rojek 2007, p. 74. Burkeman, Oliver (July 7, 2002). "Jacko gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?". The Guardian. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others to Join Pavarotti for Benefit". VH1. May 5, 1999. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled for "Michael Jackson & Friends"". VH1. May 27, 1999. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Fisher, Mark (2009). The Resistible Demise of Michael Jackson. John Hunt Publishing. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-84694-348-5. Solihun, Soleh. The King is Dead. PT Mizan Publika. p. 157. ISBN 978-602-8579-13-1. Rozhon, Tracie (November 16, 2000). "Big Deal; An Old Chagall Haunt, Repainted". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Basham, David (January 18, 2000). "Lauryn Hill, Backstreet Boys, DMX Honored With American Music Awards". MTV. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Orth, Maureen (April 2003). "Losing His Grip". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Aiese, Eric. "Billboard: Michael Jackson Concert Review". Classicwhitney.com. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2019. "Jackson's CBS Special Moonwalks Over Rivals". Billboard. November 15, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2019. Was Michael Jackson almost in WTC on 9/11?, September 14, 2011, retrieved May 11, 2018 Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 614–617. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 610–611. Leonard, Devin (January 2, 2017). "Michael Jackson Is Worth More Than Ever, and the IRS Wants Its Cut" (Press release). Bloomberg News. Retrieved September 20, 2021. Marikar, Sheila; Friedman, Emily (June 29, 2009). "Michael Jackson, King of Pop, Dead at 50". ABC News. Retrieved September 20, 2021. "Keys, Destiny's Child, McGraw win at American Music Awards". Lodi News-Sentinel. Associated Press. January 10, 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2010. Chonin, Neva (January 11, 2002). "Awards recognize popular success / Keys, Destiny's win as expected". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 12, 2019. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 599–600. Vineyard, Jennifer (November 20, 2002). "Michael Jackson Calls Baby-Dangling Incident A 'Terrible Mistake'". MTV. Retrieved May 31, 2015. D'Angelo, Joe (February 4, 2002). "Jackson sued by promoter for attempting world tour without him". MTV. Retrieved June 12, 2019. Overend, William (March 21, 2003). "Officials Revisit Tax Break for Jackson's Neverland as Cattle Ranch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 12, 2019. "Jackson's Legal Troubles". The Wall Street Journal. June 13, 2005. Retrieved June 12, 2019. Silverman, Stephen M. (May 10, 2004). "Jackson Settles Old Lawsuit Against Him". People. Retrieved June 12, 2019. "Jackson fans celebrate at Apollo". BBC News. July 1, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2020. Haughney, Christine (April 25, 2002). "For the DNC, It's Showtime at the Apollo". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 28, 2020. Wheeler, André (November 2, 2019). "HBO's The Apollo: 'The story of how black America lifted itself through music'". The Guardian. Retrieved May 28, 2020. "Michael Jackson Brands Recording Industry as Racist". Billboard. July 8, 2002. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Jackson, Jermaine (December 31, 2002). "Interview with Jermaine Jackson". Connie Chung Tonight (Interview). Interviewed by Connie Chung. CNN. Retrieved July 2, 2008. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 640. Davies, Hugh (February 4, 2003). "Jackson has children in his room for 'sleep-overs'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Living with Michael Jackson (television). ITV. February 6, 2003. Event occurs at 0:51. Who's the criminal? Who's the jack-the-ripper in the room?... I'm sleeping on a sleeping bag on the floor. I give him the bed, 'cause he has a brother named Star. So him and Star took the bed. And I'm on the floor on the sleeping bag. Levitan, Corey (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's relationship with Las Vegas started at young age". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved August 4, 2022. "Michael Jackson – Number Ones". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 29, 2021. Broder, John M. (December 19, 2003). "Jackson Is Formally Charged with Child Molesting". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Madigan, Nick; Neilan, Terence (January 16, 2004). "Michael Jackson Pleads Not Guilty to Molestation Charges". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Davis, Matthews (June 6, 2005). "Trial health problems for Jackson". BBC News. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson cleared of child molestation". The Guardian. Associated Press. June 13, 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's FBI Files Released". Billboard. Associated Press. December 23, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2021. Vogel, Joe (January 29, 2019). "What You Should Know About the New Michael Jackson Documentary". Forbes. Retrieved December 1, 2021. "Michael Jackson: The fantastic possessions revealed". The Independent. Reuters. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Bishara, Motez (October 4, 2021). "'We wanted to make history': Michael Jackson's bizarre year in Bahrain". The Guardian. Retrieved January 20, 2023. "Michael Jackson Sails with Two Seas". Billboard. April 18, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson parts with Bahrain label". BBC News. September 26, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson strikes deal over loans". BBC News. April 14, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson Closes Neverland House". CBS News. July 6, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch Devalued in Real Estate Market". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 29, 2018. Bainbridge, Luke (August 14, 2010). "Michael Jackson's Irish hideaway". The Guardian. Retrieved January 21, 2023. "2006 World Music Awards". Chiff. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Reid, Shaheem (December 30, 2006). "James Brown Saluted by Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service". MTV. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "The Police Plan MTV Unplugged Performance, Michael Jackson Buys Rights to Eminem Tunes, and More". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. RedOne (March 23, 2009). "Interview with RedOne, producer and songwriter for Lady Gaga, Michael Jackson, Akon, Kat DeLuna and Darin" (Interview). Interviewed by Jan Blumentrath. HitQuarters. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Talmadge, Eric (March 8, 2007). "Michael Jackson 'wouldn't change' career". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson Greets Troops in Japan". CBS News. March 10, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2019. "Michael Jackson wows US troops during lavish Japan stint". ABC News. March 11, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2019. Goodman, Elizabeth (September 24, 2007). "Will.i.am on Working with Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. Friedman, Roger (May 16, 2008). "Jacko: Neverland East in Upstate New York". Fox News. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2008. "Choose the Tracks on Michael Jackson's 50th Birthday Album!". Sony BMG. June 20, 2008. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. "Neverland Ranch Note Sold to Colony Capital" (Press release). Business Wire. May 11, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Neverland escapes foreclosure hook". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 12, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Neverland peters out for pop's Peter Pan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Press Association. November 13, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Topping, Alexandra (April 15, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorabilia sale cancelled". The Guardian. Retrieved January 20, 2023. Adams, Guy (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson: The final decline of a pop legend". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2019. Foster, Patrick (March 6, 2009). "Michael Jackson grand finale curtain-raiser". The Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Kreps, Daniel (March 12, 2009). "Michael Jackson's "This Is It!" Tour Balloons to 50-Show Run Stretching Into 2010". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017. "Michael Jackson: The Last Rehearsal". Life. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 4, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson trial: Pop star was 'tapped out,' millions in debt". Los Angeles Times. August 12, 2013. Greenburg, Zack O'Malley. "Michael Jackson's Personal Debts Paid Off, Just In Time For Bad 25". Forbes. "Michael Jackson dead at 50 after cardiac arrest" (Press release). CNN. June 25, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009. Duke, Alan (February 10, 2010). "Coroner releases new details about Michael Jackson's death" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved February 23, 2019. "Los Angeles Fire Department recording of the emergency phone call made from Michael Jackson's home". June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009. "Partial transcript of Calif. 911 call". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. March 4, 2013. "Michael Jackson's life cut shockingly short". Associated Press. June 26, 2009. Whitcraft, Teri; Pisarcik, Kristin; Brown, Kimberly (June 23, 2010). "Timeline: Michael Jackson's Final Days". ABC News. Retrieved March 19, 2017. Harvey, Michael (June 26, 2009). "Fans mourn artist for whom it didn't matter if you were black or white". The Times. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Moore, Matthew (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson, King of Pop, dies of cardiac arrest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Whitcomb, Dan; Isensee, Laura (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson death still unsolved after autopsy". Reuters (Press release). Retrieved May 31, 2015. Doheny, Kathleen (August 24, 2009). "Propofol Linked to Michael Jackson's Death". WebMD. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Rawlinson, Linnie; Hunt, Nick (June 26, 2009). "Jackson dies, almost takes Internet with him" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved March 16, 2013. Wood, Daniel B. (June 27, 2009). "Outpouring over Michael Jackson unlike anything since Princess Di". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Shiels, Maggie (June 26, 2009). "Web slows after Jackson's death". BBC News. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Skok, David (June 26, 2009). "Internet stretched to limit as fans flock for Michael Jackson news". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Krazit, Tom; McCullagh, Declan (June 26, 2009). "Debate: Can the Internet handle big breaking news". CNET. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Dtelter, Brian (June 26, 2009). "MTV's Jackson Marathon". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jacko news spreads to Eastenders". Metro. June 26, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "More adds, loose ends, and lament". The 120 Minutes Archive. July 25, 2009. Archived from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2014. "Over 1.6M apply for Jackson memorial tickets" (Press release). Associated Press. July 4, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson memorial draws crowds online" (Press release). CNN. July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2012. Scott, Andrew (July 9, 2009). "Michael Jackson Memorial Earns 31 Million Viewers & More TV News". AOL TV. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Hazarika''s funeral creates world record". MSN. July 8, 2009. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Hanley, Paul (2014). Eleven. Friesen Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4602-5047-1. Allen, Nick (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial service: the biggest celebrity send-off of all time". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Potter, Andrew (July 7, 2009). "There was nothing strange about your daddy". Maclean's. Retrieved March 16, 2013. Branigan, Tania (September 8, 2001). "Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible". The Guardian. "Top Moments: Michael Jackson Memorial". TV Guide. July 7, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Rev Lucious Smith on conducting the memorial service for Michael Jackson". Radio Live. June 28, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2013. Coleman, Mark (September 4, 2009). "Michael Jackson finally laid to rest in Los Angeles". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Reid, Tim (August 25, 2009). "LA coroner to treat Michael Jackson's death as a homicide". The Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2022. "Jackson 'had lethal drug levels'". BBC News. August 25, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's doctor denies manslaughter charge". BBC News. February 9, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Conrad Murray guilty of Michael Jackson manslaughter". BBC News. November 8, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2019. Leonard, Jack; Blankstein, Andrew; Winton, Richard (November 8, 2011). "Conrad Murray could face significant prison time". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 24, 2019. Kasindorf, Martin (November 29, 2011). "Conrad Murray sentenced to four years in Jackson death". USA Today. Retrieved January 24, 2019. Martens, Todd (October 13, 2009). "Taylor Swift, Michael Jackson dominate American Music Awards nominations [Updated]". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "2009 American Music Awards: Scorecard". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. November 22, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Anderson, Trevor (June 25, 2019). "Michael Jackson's Posthumous Career: 10 Numbers That Tell The Tale". Billboard. Retrieved August 22, 2021. "Jackson sells 35 million albums since death". Today. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Van Buskirk, Eliot (July 1, 2009). "Michael Jackson First Artist to Sell Over 1 Million Downloads in a Single Week". Wired. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Caulfield, Keith (January 6, 2010). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle for 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Smith, Ethan (March 16, 2010). "Sony Places Big Bet on a Fallen 'King'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson in 'record' $200m music deal". BBC. March 16, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Kreps, Daniel (March 16, 2010). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive $250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Christman, Ed (December 14, 2017). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Music Extend Partnership for Recordings". Billboard. Retrieved February 11, 2019. Christman, Ed (July 31, 2018). "Sony Completes Acquisition of Michael Jackson Estate's Share of EMI Music Publishing". Billboard. Retrieved August 1, 2018. Trust, Gary (May 21, 2014). "Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved May 23, 2014. McIntyre, Hugh (February 16, 2017). "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Has Now Been Certified 33-Times Platinum". Forbes. Retrieved July 9, 2017. Daly, Rhian (August 20, 2018). "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' is no longer the best-selling album of all time in the US". NME. Retrieved March 8, 2019. Goodman, Dean (October 13, 2009). "'New' Michael Jackson Single Written in 1983". Billboard. Retrieved March 8, 2019. Eng, Joyce (August 10, 2009). "Judge Approves Michael Jackson Film". TV Guide. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Herrera, Monica (September 23, 2009). "New Michael Jackson Song, Album Due in October". Billboard. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's This Is It". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Judge OKs Jackson performance film deal" (Press release). Associated Press. August 10, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Exclusive: Will.i.am Explains His 'Disgust' for New Michael Jackson Album". Rolling Stone. December 13, 2010. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2019. "Michael Jackson Fans Will Moonwalk in Motion-Sensing Game". Billboard. Associated Press. June 15, 2010. "Michael Jackson Fulham FC statue defended by Al Fayed". BBC News. April 3, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson statue moves to National Football Museum". BBC News. May 6, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2016. "Michael Jackson statue: National Football Museum removes artwork". BBC News. March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019. "Cirque plans $57M touring Jackson show". CBC News. November 3, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Hicks, Tony (November 3, 2010). "People: Cirque du Soleil mounting Michael Jackson tour". Mercury News. Retrieved November 7, 2010. Jones, Chris (July 13, 2013). "'Michael Jackson One' in Las Vegas: Cirque du Soleil refinds its way". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 31, 2015. O'Malley Greenburg, Zack (February 2, 2013). "Michael Jackson's New Vegas Show 'One' Will Double The Fun". Forbes. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jermaine calls for an end to Jackson family feud". BBC News. August 2, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson nephew made co-guardian of children". BBC News. August 23, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "New Michael Jackson album to be released in May". BBC News. March 31, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Trust, Gary (May 21, 2014). "Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved May 1, 2020. Leight, Elias (September 6, 2017). "Michael Jackson's Estate Details 'Scream' Compilation". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017. BWW News Desk (October 9, 2020). "MJ the Musical on Broadway Postponed to September 2021". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved April 4, 2021. "Tony awards 2022: the full list of winners". The Guardian. June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022. Gail Mitchell (May 16, 2022). "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Celebrates 40th Anniversary With Double-CD Set". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022. "Thriller 40 - A Double CD Set Of Michael Jackson's Original Masterpiece Thriller & Bonus Disc Out Now". Legacy Recordings. November 18, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2022. Immersive audio mixes of Thriller are now available at various DSPs, including 360 Reality Audio on Amazon, Spatial Audio on Apple Music, mixed by Serban Ghenea from the original masters for immersive audio, with the immersive mixes by John Hanes. Wang, Jessica (August 31, 2023). "Jaafar Jackson's resemblance to uncle Michael Jackson is 'uncanny' in biopic, director says". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 18, 2023. Horton, Adrian (January 18, 2023). "Michael Jackson big screen biopic will start production this year". The Guardian. Retrieved January 25, 2023. Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 30, 2023). "Michael Jackson Nephew Jaafar Jackson To Play King Of Pop In Antoine Fuqua-Directed Biopic". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 30, 2023. "Choreographer: Michael Jackson 'sexually abused me'". Today. May 16, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2017. Menezes, Alroy (August 6, 2014). "James Safechuck Alleges Sexual Abuse By Michael Jackson, Sues Singer's Estate". International Business Times. Retrieved May 30, 2019. Stone, Ken (July 7, 2017). "Sex abuse by long-dead Michael Jackson? Judge rejects lawsuit". MyNewsLA.com. Retrieved March 15, 2019. Selby, Jenn (August 6, 2014). "Michael Jackson hit with new child sex abuse claims more than five years after his death". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2019. Broder, John M. (May 6, 2005). "2 Witnesses Say They Shared Jackson's Bed and Were Never Molested". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Sperling, Nicole (February 21, 2019). "'Michael Is Everywhere': Two Michael Jackson Accusers Explain Why They're Speaking Out in HBO's Leaving Neverland". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 15, 2019. "Safechuck Ruling Demurrer Dismissal". June 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2019 – via Scribd. Dalton, Andrew (December 20, 2017). "APNewsBreak: Michael Jackson Sex Abuse Lawsuit Dismissed" (Press release). Associated Press. Retrieved December 21, 2017. "Michael Jackson sex abuse lawsuit dismissed". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017. Mandel, Andrea (October 21, 2020). "'Leaving Neverland' accuser James Safechuck's lawsuit against Michael Jackson's companies dismissed". USA Today. Retrieved January 13, 2022. "Lawsuit of Michael Jackson sexual abuse accuser dismissed". Associated Press News (Press release). October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020. Feldman, Kate (October 21, 2020). "Michael Jackson estate tries to block documentarian from filming 'Leaving Neverland' sequel: report". Daily News. New York. Retrieved October 31, 2020. Kanter, Jake (October 21, 2020). "'Leaving Neverland' Director Dan Reed Fights Subpoenas as He Shoots Sequel to Channel 4/HBO's Michael Jackson Film". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 31, 2020. Dalton, Andrew (April 27, 2021). "Judge tosses lawsuit of man who alleged Jackson molestation". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved April 28, 2021. Haynes, Charlie (February 28, 2019). "Michael Jackson 'abused us hundreds of times'". BBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2019. Bakare, Lanre (March 7, 2019). "Michael Jackson estate launches PR blitz as documentary airs in UK". The Guardian. Retrieved March 8, 2019. Roy, Eleanor Ainge (March 6, 2019). "Michael Jackson songs pulled from radio stations in New Zealand and Canada". The Guardian. Retrieved March 8, 2019. Pieters, Janene (March 6, 2019). "First Dutch radio station boycotts Michael Jackson music". NL Times. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Michael Jackson's Family Calls 'Leaving Neverland' Documentary a 'Public Lynching'". Variety. January 28, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019. Kreps, Daniel (January 26, 2019). "Michael Jackson Estate Slams 'Leaving Neverland': 'Tabloid Character Assassination'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 21, 2019. "Corey Feldman Guards Michael Jackson After 'Leaving Neverland' Airs". Vibe. March 4, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019. McDermott, Maeve (May 22, 2019). "Aaron Carter defends Michael Jackson after saying the star did one 'inappropriate' thing". USA Today. Retrieved September 21, 2019. "Leaving Neverland: who is Brett Barnes, Michael Jackson's 'other boy'?". The Daily Telegraph. March 8, 2019. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved September 21, 2019. "'Square One', el documental que "desmonta" las acusaciones de pederastia sobre Michael Jackson" (in Spanish). October 16, 2019. Wallis, Adam (April 8, 2019). "Jackson family responds to 'Leaving Neverland' in 30-minute YouTube documentary". Global News. Retrieved October 31, 2020. Trendell, Andrew (August 15, 2019). "New documentary 'Chase the Truth' defending Michael Jackson is released". NME. Retrieved October 31, 2020. Shepherd, Jack (March 9, 2019). "Michael Jackson albums climb the charts following Leaving Neverland broadcast". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Landrum, Jonathan Jr. (June 24, 2019). "Michael Jackson's popularity endures, even after new scandal". The Japan Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019. Ramsey, Teresa (November 14, 2019). "Michael Jackson songs back on New Zealand radio airwaves". Stuff. Retrieved November 29, 2019. Lemieux, Marc-André (October 29, 2019). "Fin du boycottage de Michael Jackson". Le Journal de Montréal (in French). Retrieved December 30, 2019. Gardner, Eriq (February 21, 2019). "Michael Jackson Estate Sues HBO Over 'Leaving Neverland' Documentary". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 21, 2019. Rosenbaum, Claudia (September 20, 2019). "'Leaving Neverland' Judge Sides with Michael Jackson Estate, Compelling HBO to Arbitration". Billboard. Retrieved May 6, 2021. Cullins, Ashley (December 14, 2020). "HBO Loses Appellate Bid to Avoid Arbitration with Michael Jackson Estate in 'Leaving Neverland' Dispute". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 11, 2021. Kuo, Christopher (August 18, 2023). "Sexual Abuse Suits Against Michael Jackson's Companies Are Revived". The New York Times. "ADL Welcomes Michael Jackson's Decision to Remove Anti-Semitic Lyrics from Song". Anti-Defamation League. June 22, 1995. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson's music had impact around the globe". Reuters (Press release). July 4, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2020. Vogel, Joseph (March 17, 2018). "Black and White: how Dangerous kicked off Michael Jackson's race paradox". The Guardian. Retrieved January 13, 2020. "Why Michael Jackson's songs on climate change and racial inequality need to be youth anthems now". India Today. August 29, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020. "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. November 15, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Ditzian, Eric (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, by the Numbers". MTV. Retrieved March 2, 2016. "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. December 3, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023. Dodson, Howard (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson: Icon". New York Public Library. Retrieved November 26, 2018. Fernandes, Kasmin (June 25, 2014). "Why Michael Jackson was a style icon". The Times of India. Retrieved March 11, 2016. Lemon, Don (June 23, 2010). "Michael Jackson's style influence lives on" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved March 11, 2016. Vena, Jocelyn (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets to One Glove". MTV. Retrieved March 11, 2016. Keyes, J. Edward (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson's, Indelible Pop Legacy". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 5, 2020. Smith, Danyel (June 26, 2009). "Commentary: Michael Jackson, the greatest star" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved July 4, 2020. "Michael Jackson". BET. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Utley, Tom (February 7, 2003). "Of course Jackson's odd—but his genius is what matters". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 26, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Gordy Brings Mourners to Their Feet with Jackson Tribute". July 7, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Tourtellotte, Bob (July 8, 2009). "Michael Jackson hailed as greatest entertainer, best dad" (Press release). Reuters UK. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Rosen, Jill (June 28, 2009). "7 Ways Michael Jackson Changed the World". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2016. Christgau, Robert (December 2004). "Michael Jackson: 'The Ultimate Collection'". Blender. Retrieved March 12, 2019. Christgau, Robert (January 15, 2002). "Consumer Guide: Popstakes". The Village Voice. Retrieved March 12, 2019. Tina Daunt, "Giving in spirit and deed", Los Angeles Times (July 8, 2009), p. D6. Jackson-Lee, Sheila (June 26, 2009). "H. RES. 600: Honoring an American legend and musical icon". Brad Cafarelli, "Superstar's musical career had the classic humble start", Los Angeles Times (November 7, 1988), Section VIII, p. 1, 5. Joseph Vogel, Michael Jackson's Forgotten Humanitarian Legacy, HuffPost (September 24, 2017). Wilhelm, Ian (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson and Philanthropy". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Jain, Surbhi (June 25, 2020). "Remembering Michael Jackson: 13 songs you must listen to on the King of Pop's 11th death anniversary". cnbctv18.com. "He won't stop 'til they get enough". The Daily Telegraph. January 1, 2001. "Most charities supported by a pop star". Guinness World Records. 2000. Tucker, Ken (June 5, 1988). "Summer Reading; Firing Your Father Isn't Easy". The New York Times. p. 751. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "100 Greatest Singers: 65 – David Ruffin". Rolling Stone. November 27, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Herron, Martin (June 27, 2009). "Michael Jackson saved my life". Scarborough Evening News. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Jackson Attends Brown's Public Funeral". Contactmusic.com. January 2, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 64. Simon, Mallory (July 3, 2009). "Jackson shared bond with 'very dear friend Diana Ross'" (Press release). CNN. Retrieved December 1, 2016. Taraborrelli 2009, p. 60. Lewis Jones 2005, pp. 6, 54. Winters, David (June 26, 2009). "David Winters remembers Michael Jackson". Magick Papers. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Hernandez, Eugene (June 27, 2009). "Remembering Michael Jackson, on Screen". IndieWire. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Brackett & Hoard 2004, p. 414. Holden, Stephen (November 1, 1979). "Michael Jackson: Off The Wall". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Connelly, Christopher (January 28, 1983). "Michael Jackson: Thriller". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Pareles, Jon (November 24, 1991). "Recordings View; Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Hunter, James (December 6, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Vogel 2012, p. 9. McCormick, Neil (June 30, 2009). "Michael Jackson, Bruce Springsteen & Bono". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Jones, Lucy (April 2, 2014). "The Incredible Way Michael Jackson Wrote Music". NME. Retrieved April 26, 2016. Roy, Sanjoy (June 26, 2009). "What Michael Jackson did for dance". The Guardian. Retrieved February 18, 2020. "Rolling Stone Readers Pick Their 10 Favorite Dancing Musicians". Rolling Stone. July 14, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2020. Suddath, Claire (June 25, 2009). "How to Moonwalk like Michael". Time. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Catton, Pia (June 20, 2018). "How Michael Jackson Changed Dance History". Biography. Retrieved February 18, 2020. "Michael Jackson Turns 30!". Jet. Vol. 74, no. 35. August 29, 1988. p. 58. ISSN 0021-5996. Heyliger, M. "A State-of-the-Art Pop Album: Thriller by Michael". Consumerhelpweb.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Not many artists could pull off such a variety of styles (funk, post-disco, rock, easy listening, ballads)... Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – Off the Wall – Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Palmer 1995, p. 285. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – Thriller – Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Henderson, Eric (October 18, 2003). "Michael Jackson – Thriller". Slant Magazine. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Christgau 1981, Consumer Guide '70s: J. Pareles, Jon (September 3, 1987). "Critic's Notebook; How Good Is Jackson's 'Bad'?". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – Dangerous – Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved June 15, 2008. Harrington, Richard (November 24, 1991). "Jackson's 'Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – HIStory – Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Hunter, James (August 10, 1995). "Michael Jackson: HIStory: Past, Present, Future, Book I". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2017. "Thomas W. (Tom) Sneddon Jr". National Defense Authorization Act. Archived from the original on June 27, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson – Invincible – Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2007. Beaumont, Mark (November 30, 2001). "Michael Jackson: Invincible". NME. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Dobuzinskis, Alex (December 30, 2009). "Jackson "Thriller" film picked for U.S. registry". Reuters (Press release). Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson, "Billie Jean," directed by Steve Barron, produced by Simon Fields & Paul Flattery". Blender. October 2005. Gundersen, Edna (August 25, 2005). "Music videos changing places". USA Today. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Robinson, Bryan (February 23, 2005). "Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?". ABC News. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Inglis 2006, pp. 119, 127: "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience." "Philippine jailhouse rocks to Thriller". BBC News. July 26, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Taraborrelli 2009, pp. 370–373. Corliss, Richard (September 6, 1993). "Michael Jackson: Who's Bad?". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2008. US 5255452, Michael J. Jackson; Michael L. Bush & Dennis Tompkins, "Method and means for creating anti-gravity illusion", issued 1993-10-26 Campbell 1993, p. 273. Anderson, Kyle (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Video Vanguard Award, in MJ's Top MTV Moments". MTV. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Campbell 1993, p. 303. "Michael Jackson Co-Directs Music Film, 'In the Closet'". Jet. April 27, 1992. p. 56. Campbell 1993, pp. 313–314. Boepple 1995, p. 52. Bark, Ed (June 26, 1995). "Michael Jackson Interview Raises Questions, Answers". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 06E. McIntyre, Hugh (August 24, 2014). "The 5 Most Expensive Music Videos of All Time". Forbes. Retrieved March 23, 2019. Gottlieb, Steven (August 28, 2014). ""Scream" Gets Named Most Expensive Video Ever; Director Mark Romanek Disagrees". VideoStatic. Retrieved March 23, 2019. Kot, Greg (January 8, 1997). "Pumpkins a Smash Hit with 7 Grammy Nominations". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 14, 2019. "Longest music video". Guinness World Records. November 21, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2019. Montgomery, James (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Video Co-Stars: From Eddie Murphy to Marlon Brando". MTV. Retrieved March 22, 2010. "NAACP Image Award Spotlight Black' Achievements". Jet. Vol. 101, no. 13. March 18, 2002. p. 36. ISSN 0021-5996. "Zorro, Nemo, Muppets & More: Wide Variety Tapped for 2009 Film Registry". Library of Congress. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Itzkoff, Dave (December 30, 2009). "'Thriller' Video Added to U.S. Film Registry". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Hinckley, David (June 25, 2014). "Michael Jackson remembered 5 years later: How the Daily News covered the tragic story of icon's death". Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 9, 2015. Rothman, Michael (August 29, 2013). "Happy 55th Birthday Michael Jackson – His Top 10 Moments". ABC News. Retrieved October 14, 2021. "Hot 100 Anniversary: Most No. 1s by Artist". Billboard. August 6, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Remarks at a White House Ceremony Marking Progress Made in the Campaign Against Drunk Driving". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum. University of Texas at Austin. May 14, 1984. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2020. George 2004, pp. 44–45. Campbell 1993, p. 321. Lewis, Monica (June 14, 2007). "20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma". The Miami Herald. Retrieved March 16, 2013. Collett-White, Mike (March 11, 2009). "Michael Jackson to add concerts after sellout". Reuters (Press release). Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Grammy Legend Award". Grammy.org. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Lifetime Achievement Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. November 22, 2002. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "The Vocal Group Hall of Fame: Album Categories 1999 Inductee". The Vocal Group Hall of Fame Foundation. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Masley, Ed (March 28, 2019). "Stevie Nicks is about to join these 22 men as a two-time Rock and Rock Hall of Fame inductee". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved April 7, 2019. Sanneh, Kelefa (June 15, 2002). "Hall of Fame Inducts Songwriters". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2019. Keiser, Tom (August 15, 2010). "Photos: Michael Jackson induction ceremony". The News-Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Yarborough, Chuck (August 19, 2014). "R&B Music Hall of Fame sets big weekend to induct sophom*ore class featuring Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Marvin Gaye, Norm N. Nite and more". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Ruggieri, Melissa (May 5, 2021). "Black Music Walk of Fame to honor James Brown, OutKast, Usher and others in Atlanta". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved October 22, 2021. "Doctorates of Rock". Rolling Stone. July 19, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2019. "Sanwi kingdom mourns passing of a prince". France 24. June 29, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2019. Leach, Ben (July 9, 2009). "Moon crater named after Michael Jackson". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2016. Chivers, Tom (September 28, 2009). "Google's Doodles: 10 of the best including UFOs and Google". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2016. Kent State University (January 19, 2012). "Mesoparapylocheles michaeljacksoni: Fossil hermit crab named after Michael Jackson". Phys.org. Retrieved August 4, 2022. "80 Moments That Shaped the World" (PDF). British Council. 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2017. Harris, John E. (June 24, 2014). "Speaking of Vitiligo..." Vitiligo Clinic & Research Center. Retrieved November 24, 2019. Gundersen, Edna (November 24, 2003). "For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin". USA Today. Retrieved March 14, 2010. Deutsch, Linda (May 4, 2005). "Forensic accountant tells court Jackson is in financial straits". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017. Pulley, Brett (November 21, 2003). "Michael Jackson's Ups And Downs". Forbes. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (August 29, 2018). "Michael Jackson at 60: The King of Pop by the Numbers". Forbes. Retrieved November 14, 2018. "Stress killed MJ, says ex-publicist". The Times of India. June 27, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2015. O'Brien, Timothy L (May 14, 2006). "What Happened to the Fortune Michael Jackson Made?". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2013. "Estate of Michael J. Jackson, Deceased, John G. Branca, Co-Executor and John McClain, Co-Executor". August 19, 2016. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2016. Gottlieb, Jeff (February 7, 2014). "Michael Jackson estate embroiled in tax fight with IRS". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. "United States Tax Court: Washington, DC 20217". February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2016. Sisario, Ben (May 3, 2021). "Michael Jackson's Estate Is Winner in Tax Judge's Ruling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021. Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (October 14, 2016). "Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016". Forbes. Retrieved December 11, 2016. Greenburg, Zack O'Malley; Robehmed, Natalie (October 31, 2017). "The Highest-Paid Dead Celebrities of 2018". Forbes. Retrieved October 31, 2018. Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (October 30, 2019). "The Real Reason Behind Michael Jackson's Earnings Drop". Forbes. Retrieved November 28, 2019. Freeman, Abigail. "The Highest-Paid Dead Celebrities 2021". Forbes. Retrieved October 17, 2022. Print sources Boepple, Leanne (1995). "Scream: Space Odyssey, Jackson-Style. (video production; Michael and Janet Jackson video)". TCI: Theatre Crafts International. Theatre Crafts International. 29. ISSN 1063-9497. Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Fireside. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8. Bronson, Fred (2003). Billboard's Hottest Hot 100 Hits (3rd ed.). Billboard Books. ISBN 978-0-8230-7738-0. Campbell, Lisa D (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7. Campbell, Lisa D (1995). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop's Darkest Hour. Branden. ISBN 978-0-8283-2003-0. Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: J". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 0-89919-026-X. Retrieved February 27, 2019. DeMello, Margo (2012). Faces Around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the Human Face. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-618-8. George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection (booklet). Sony BMG. Inglis, Ian (2006). Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4057-8. Jackson, Michael (2009) [First published 1988]. Moonwalk. Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-71698-9. Knopper, Steve (2016). MJ: The Genius of Michael Jackson. Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4767-3037-0. Lewis Jones, Jel D. (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews: an Anthology. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9749779-0-4. Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-5118-2. Palmer, Robert (1995). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-517-70050-1. Parameswaran, Radhika (2011). "E-Race-ing Color: Gender and Transnational Visual Economies of Beauty in India". In Sarma Hegde, Radha (ed.). Circuits of Visibility: Gender and Transnational Media Cultures. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9060-1. Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-31745-5. Rojek, Chris (2007). Cultural Studies. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-3683-2. Tannenbaum, Rob; Marks, Craig (2011). I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-101-52641-5. Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958–2009. Grand Central Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-0-446-56474-8. Vogel, Joseph (2012). Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson. New York: Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-7938-1. Young, Julie (Fall 2009). "A Hoosier Thriller: Gary, Indiana's Michael Jackson". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. 21 (4). Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014. Further reading Hidalgo, Susan; Weiner, Robert G. (2010). "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide" (PDF). The Journal of Pan African Studies. 3 (7). How Michael Jackson Changed Dance History – biography.com External links Listen to this article (1 hour and 50 minutes) 1:49:58Spoken Wikipedia icon This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 22 February 2019, and does not reflect subsequent edits. (Audio help · More spoken articles) Michael Jackson at Wikipedia's sister projects Official website Edit this at Wikidata Michael Jackson at Amazon Music Michael Jackson at Curlie Michael Jackson at the FBI's website Michael Jackson at IMDb vte Michael Jackson AlbumsSinglesSongsVideographyUnreleased songsAwardsRecords and achievements Studio albums Got to Be ThereBenMusic & MeForever, MichaelOff the WallThrillerBadDangerousHIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book IInvincible Posthumous albums MichaelXscape Anniversary reissues Thriller 25Bad 25Thriller 40 Remix albums The Original Soul of Michael JacksonBlood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the MixThe Stripped MixesThe Remix Suite Soundtracks The WizE.T. the Extra-TerrestrialMichael Jackson's This Is ItImmortal Compilations The Best of Michael Jackson18 Greatest HitsOne Day in Your LifeFarewell My Summer LoveLooking Back to YesterdayThe Michael Jackson Mix20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael JacksonLove SongsNumber OnesThe Essential Michael JacksonKing of PopThe Definitive CollectionIconScream Box sets AnthologyThe Ultimate CollectionVisionary: The Video SinglesThe Motown YearsThe CollectionHello World: The Motown Solo Collection Concert tours Bad World TourDangerous World TourHIStory World TourThis Is It (planned) Specials Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, ForeverSuper Bowl XXVII halftime showMJ & FriendsMichael Jackson: 30th Anniversary CelebrationUnited We Stand: What More Can I GiveLive at the Apollo Video albums Dangerous: The Short FilmsVideo Greatest Hits – HIStoryHIStory on Film, Volume IINumber OnesThe OneLive in Bucharest: The Dangerous TourMichael Jackson's VisionLive at Wembley July 16, 1988 Films The WizMichael Jackson's ThrillerCaptain EOMoonwalkerMichael Jackson's GhostsMichael Jackson's Private Home MoviesMichael Jackson's This Is ItMichael Jackson: The Life of an IconBad 25Michael Jackson: The Last Photo ShootMichael Jackson's Journey from Motown to Off the Wall Television Free to Be... You and MeThe Jacksons"Stark Raving Dad" (The Simpsons)Michael Jackson Talks ... to OprahMove Like Michael JacksonLiving with Michael JacksonThe Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were Never Meant To See"The Jeffersons" (South Park)"Michael" (Glee)Michael Jackson's Halloween Video games Michael Jackson's MoonwalkerMichael Jackson: The ExperiencePlanet MichaelReady 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2Sonic the Hedgehog 3Space Channel 5Space Channel 5: Part 2Dreamcast Collection Books MoonwalkDancing the Dream Biographical films The Jacksons: An American Dream (miniseries)Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson StorySearching for Neverland Stage shows Thriller – LiveMichael Forever – The Tribute ConcertMichael Jackson: The Immortal World TourMotown: The MusicalMichael Jackson: OneMJ the Musical Death Conrad Murray trialMemorial serviceKilling Michael Jackson Influence MoonwalkRobotCultural impactPhilanthropyMonuments, memorials and namesakesMichael Jackson Video Vanguard AwardMesoparapylocheles michaeljacksoniThrill the WorldThriller viral videoWorld Vitiligo DaySonic the HedgehogUlalaImpersonatorsMichael Jackson fandomMichael Jackson: On the WallHeal the World Foundation Related Jackson familyThe Jackson 5The Jackson 5 discographyThe Jackson 5iveHealth and appearancePersonal relationshipsCover versionsEstate of Michael JacksonThriller jacketFulham F.C. statueMichael Jackson and BubblesMJ Gallery at Ponte 16Behind the Mask"We Had Him"You Are Not AloneMichael Jackson, Inc.HayvenhurstNeverland RanchThriller VillaThe MJCastNorthern SongsSony/ATV Music PublishingBubblesPeter Pan syndromeChild sexual abuse accusations against Michael JacksonTrial of Michael JacksonFBI files on Michael JacksonLeaving NeverlandNeverland Firsthand: Investigating the Michael Jackson DocumentaryMichael Jackson: Chase the TruthSquare OneMister LonelyWe Are the WorldMind Is the Magic: Anthem for the Las Vegas ShowNever Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael JacksonRava on the Dance FloorUnity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson"Better on the Other Side""Home""Eat It""Fat"Return of the MoonwalkerSheikh JacksonThe Last Days of Michael JacksonMJ (album) Category vte Michael Jackson songs SinglesSongs 1970s "Got to Be There""Ain't No Sunshine""I Wanna Be Where You Are""Rockin' Robin""Love Is Here and Now You're Gone""You've Got a Friend""Ben""Everybody's Somebody's Fool""My Girl""Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day""We've Got a Good Thing Going""With a Child's Heart""Morning Glow""All the Things You Are""Happy""Too Young""Doggin' Around""Music and Me""We're Almost There""Just a Little Bit of You""You Can't Win""Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough""Rock with You""Working Day and Night""It's the Falling in Love" 1980s "Off the Wall""Girlfriend""She's Out of My Life""One Day in Your Life""The Girl Is Mine""Billie Jean""Beat It""Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'""Human Nature""P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)""Thriller""You've Really Got a Hold on Me""Here I Am (Come and Take Me)""Lonely Teardrops""That's What Love Is Made Of""Farewell My Summer Love""Girl You're So Together""I Just Can't Stop Loving You""Bad""The Way You Make Me Feel""Speed Demon""Liberian Girl""Just Good Friends""Another Part of Me""Man in the Mirror""Dirty Diana""Smooth Criminal""Leave Me Alone""Twenty-Five Miles" 1990s "Black or White""Jam""In the Closet""Remember the Time""Heal the World""Who Is It""Give In to Me""Will You Be There""Gone Too Soon""Dangerous""Come Together""Scream""Childhood""They Don't Care About Us""Stranger in Moscow""This Time Around""Earth Song""D.S.""You Are Not Alone""Tabloid Junkie""HIStory""Smile""Blood on the Dance Floor""Ghosts""Is It Scary""On the Line" 2000s "Speechless""You Rock My World""Heaven Can Wait""Butterflies""Cry""One More Chance""Cheater""(I Like) The Way You Love Me""Fall Again""This Is It" 2010s "Hold My Hand""Hollywood Tonight""(I Can't Make It) Another Day""Behind the Mask""Don't Be Messin' 'Round""I'm So Blue""Price of Fame""Love Never Felt So Good""Chicago""Loving You""A Place with No Name""Slave to the Rhythm""Blue Gangsta" 2020s "She's Trouble" Other "We Are the World""Mind Is the Magic""What More Can I Give""We Are the World 25 for Haiti""Blood on the Dance Floor x Dangerous""Diamonds Are Invincible" Featured "Ease on Down the Road""A Brand New Day""Night Time Lover""Papa Was a Rollin' Stone""State of Independence""Muscles""Say Say Say""Somebody's Watching Me""Don't Stand Another Chance""Centipede""Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)""Eaten Alive""Get It""2300 Jackson Street""Do the Bartman""Whatzupwitu""Why""I Need You""We Be Ballin'""Girls, Girls, Girls""All Eyez on Me""All in Your Name""There Must Be More to Life Than This""Low""Don't Matter to Me" Category Awards for Michael Jackson vte American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist Jim Croce (1974)John Denver (1975)John Denver (1976)Elton John (1977)Barry Manilow (1978)Barry Manilow (1979)Barry Manilow (1980)Kenny Rogers (1981)Kenny Rogers (1982)John Mellencamp / Rick Springfield (1983)Michael Jackson (1984)Lionel Richie (1985)Bruce Springsteen (1986)Lionel Richie (1987)Paul Simon (1988)George Michael (1989)Bobby Brown (1990)Phil Collins (1991)Michael Bolton (1992)Michael Bolton (1993)Eric Clapton (1994)Michael Bolton (1995)Michael Jackson (1996)Eric Clapton (1997)Babyface (1998)Eric Clapton (1999)Will Smith (2000)Kid Rock (2001)Lenny Kravitz (2002)Eminem (2003)Kid Rock (2003)Usher (2004)Will Smith (2005)Sean Paul (2006)Justin Timberlake (2007)Chris Brown (2008)Michael Jackson (2009)Justin Bieber (2010)Bruno Mars (2011)Justin Bieber (2012)Justin Timberlake (2013)Sam Smith (2014)Ed Sheeran (2015)Justin Bieber (2016)Bruno Mars (2017)Post Malone (2018)Khalid (2019)Justin Bieber (2020)Ed Sheeran (2021)Harry Styles (2022) vte American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist Stevie Wonder (1974)Stevie Wonder (1975)Barry White (1976)Stevie Wonder (1977)Stevie Wonder (1978)Teddy Pendergrass / Lou Rawls (1979)Michael Jackson (1980)Michael Jackson (1981)Stevie Wonder (1982)Lionel Richie (1983)Michael Jackson (1984)Lionel Richie (1985)Stevie Wonder (1986)Lionel Richie (1987)Luther Vandross (1988)George Michael (1989)Luther Vandross (1990)MC Hammer (1991)Luther Vandross (1992)Bobby Brown (1993)Luther Vandross (1994)Babyface (1995)Luther Vandross (1996)Keith Sweat (1997)Babyface (1998)Will Smith (1999)R. Kelly (2000)Brian McKnight (2001)Luther Vandross (2002)Eminem (2003)Luther Vandross (2003)Usher (2004)R. Kelly (2005)Jamie Foxx (2006)Akon (2007)Chris Brown (2008)Michael Jackson (2009)Usher (2010)Usher (2011)Usher (2012)Justin Timberlake (2013)John Legend (2014)The Weeknd (2015)Chris Brown (2016)Bruno Mars (2017)Khalid (2018)Bruno Mars (2019)The Weeknd (2020)The Weeknd (2021)Chris Brown (2022) vte American Music Award of Merit Bing Crosby (1974)Berry Gordy (1975)Irving Berlin (1976)Johnny Cash (1977)Ella Fitzgerald (1978)Perry Como (1979)Benny Goodman (1980)Chuck Berry (1981)Stevie Wonder (1982)Kenny Rogers (1983)Michael Jackson (1984)Loretta Lynn (1985)Paul McCartney (1986)Elvis Presley (1987)The Beach Boys (1988)Willie Nelson (1989)Neil Diamond (1990)Merle Haggard (1991)James Brown (1992)Bill Graham (1993)Whitney Houston (1994)Prince (1995)Tammy Wynette (1996)Little Richard (1997)Frank Sinatra (1998)Billy Joel (1999)Gloria Estefan (2000)Janet Jackson (2001)Garth Brooks (2002)Alabama (2003)Bon Jovi (2004)Annie Lennox (2008)Sting (2016) vte Billboard Year-End number one albums 1956–1975 1956: Calypso – Harry Belafonte1957: Music from My Fair Lady – Original Cast1958: Music from My Fair Lady – Original Cast1959: The Music from Peter Gunn – Henry Mancini1960: Music from The Sound of Music – Original Cast1961: Camelot – Original Cast1962: West Side Story – Soundtrack1963: West Side Story – Soundtrack1964: Music from Hello, Dolly! – Original Cast1965: Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack – Soundtrack1966: Whipped Cream & Other Delights – Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass1967: More of the Monkees – The Monkees1968: Are You Experienced – The Jimi Hendrix Experience1969: In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida – Iron Butterfly1970: Bridge over Troubled Water – Simon & Garfunkel1971: Jesus Christ Superstar – Soundtrack1972: Harvest – Neil Young1973: The World Is a Ghetto – War1974: Goodbye Yellow Brick Road – Elton John1975: Greatest Hits – Elton John 1976–2000 1976: Frampton Comes Alive! – Peter Frampton1977: Rumours – Fleetwood Mac1978: Saturday Night Fever – Soundtrack1979: 52nd Street – Billy Joel1980: The Wall – Pink Floyd1981: Hi Infidelity – REO Speedwagon1982: Asia – Asia1983: Thriller – Michael Jackson1984: Thriller – Michael Jackson1985: Born in the U.S.A. – Bruce Springsteen1986: Whitney Houston – Whitney Houston1987: Slippery When Wet – Bon Jovi1988: Faith – George Michael1989: Don't Be Cruel – Bobby Brown1990: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 – Janet Jackson1991: Mariah Carey – Mariah Carey1992: Ropin' the Wind – Garth Brooks1993: The Bodyguard – Soundtrack1994: The Sign – Ace of Base1995: Cracked Rear View – Hootie & the Blowfish1996: Jagged Little Pill – Alanis Morissette1997: Spice – Spice Girls1998: Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture – James Horner1999: Millennium – Backstreet Boys2000: No Strings Attached – NSYNC 2001–present 2001: 1 – The Beatles2002: The Eminem Show – Eminem2003: Get Rich or Die Tryin' – 50 Cent2004: Confessions – Usher2005: The Massacre – 50 Cent2006: Some Hearts – Carrie Underwood2007: Daughtry – Daughtry2008: As I Am – Alicia Keys2009: Fearless – Taylor Swift2010: I Dreamed a Dream – Susan Boyle2011: 21 – Adele2012: 21 – Adele2013: The 20/20 Experience – Justin Timberlake2014: Frozen – Soundtrack2015: 1989 – Taylor Swift2016: 25 – Adele2017: Damn – Kendrick Lamar2018: Reputation – Taylor Swift2019: When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? – Billie Eilish2020: Hollywood's Bleeding – Post Malone2021: Dangerous: The Double Album – Morgan Wallen2022: Un Verano Sin Ti – Bad Bunny vte Billboard Year-End Top Artist 1981–1999 1981: REO Speedwagon1982: The Go-Go's1983: Michael Jackson1984: Lionel Richie1985: Madonna1986: Whitney Houston1987: Bon Jovi1988: George Michael1989: New Kids on the Block1990: New Kids on the Block1991: Mariah Carey1992: Garth Brooks1993: Garth Brooks1994: Ace of Base1995: TLC1996: Alanis Morissette1997: LeAnn Rimes1998: Usher1999: Backstreet Boys 2000–2019 2000: Destiny's Child2001: Destiny's Child2002: Nelly2003: 50 Cent2004: Usher2005: 50 Cent2006: Chris Brown2007: Akon2008: Chris Brown2009: Taylor Swift2010: Lady Gaga2011: Adele2012: Adele2013: Bruno Mars2014: One Direction2015: Taylor Swift2016: Adele2017: Ed Sheeran2018: Drake2019: Post Malone 2020-present 2020: Post Malone2021: Drake2022: Bad Bunny vte Brit Award for British Album of the Year 1977–2000 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band – The Beatles (1977)Kings of the Wild Frontier – Adam and the Ants (1982)Memories – Barbra Streisand (1983)Thriller – Michael Jackson (1984)Diamond Life – Sade (1985)No Jacket Required – Phil Collins (1986)Brothers in Arms – Dire Straits (1987)...Nothing Like the Sun – Sting (1988)The First of a Million Kisses – Fairground Attraction (1989)The Raw and the Cooked – Fine Young Cannibals (1990)Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 – George Michael (1991)Seal – Seal (1992)Diva – Annie Lennox (1993)Connected – Stereo MC's (1994)Parklife – Blur (1995)(What's the Story) Morning Glory? – Oasis (1996)Everything Must Go – Manic Street Preachers (1997)Urban Hymns – The Verve (1998)This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours – Manic Street Preachers (1999)The Man Who – Travis (2000) 2001–present Parachutes – Coldplay (2001)No Angel – Dido (2002)A Rush of Blood to the Head – Coldplay (2003)Permission to Land – The Darkness (2004)Hopes and Fears – Keane (2005)X&Y – Coldplay (2006)Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not – Arctic Monkeys (2007)Favourite Worst Nightmare – Arctic Monkeys (2008)Rockferry – Duffy (2009)Lungs – Florence and the Machine (2010)Sigh No More – Mumford & Sons (2011)21 – Adele (2012)Our Version of Events – Emeli Sandé (2013)AM – Arctic Monkeys (2014)x – Ed Sheeran (2015)25 – Adele (2016)Blackstar – David Bowie (2017)Gang Signs & Prayer – Stormzy (2018)A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships – The 1975 (2019)Psychodrama – Dave (2020)Future Nostalgia – Dua Lipa (2021)30 – Adele (2022)Harry's House – Harry Styles (2023) vte Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist Michael Jackson (1989)Michael Hutchence (1991)Lenny Kravitz (1994)Prince (1995)Prince (1996)Beck (1997)Jon Bon Jovi (1998)Beck (1999)Beck (2000)Eminem (2001)Shaggy (2002)Eminem (2003)Justin Timberlake (2004)Eminem (2005)Kanye West (2006)Justin Timberlake (2007)Kanye West (2008)Kanye West (2009)Jay-Z (2010)CeeLo Green (2011)Bruno Mars (2012)Frank Ocean (2013)Bruno Mars (2014)Pharrell Williams (2015)Justin Bieber (2016)Drake (2017)Kendrick Lamar (2018)Drake (2019)Tyler, the Creator (2020)The Weeknd (2021) vte Brit Award for International Artist International Artist Kid Creole and the Coconuts (1983)Michael Jackson (1984)Prince and The Revolution (1985) International Solo Artist Bruce Springsteen (1986)Paul Simon (1987)Michael Jackson (1988)Neneh Cherry (1990)Prince (1992)Prince (1993) International Artist Billie Eilish (2022)Beyoncé (2023) vte Grammy Award for Album of the Year 1958–1979 The Music from Peter Gunn – Henry Mancini (1958)Come Dance with Me! – Frank Sinatra (1959)The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart – Bob Newhart (1960)Judy at Carnegie Hall – Judy Garland (1961)The First Family – Vaughn Meader (1962)The Barbra Streisand Album – Barbra Streisand (1963)Getz/Gilberto – Stan Getz & João Gilberto (1964)September of My Years – Frank Sinatra (1965)A Man and His Music – Frank Sinatra (1966)Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band – The Beatles (1967)By the Time I Get to Phoenix – Glen Campbell (1968)Blood, Sweat & Tears – Blood, Sweat & Tears (1969)Bridge over Troubled Water – Simon & Garfunkel (1970)Tapestry – Carole King (1971)The Concert for Bangladesh – George Harrison & Friends (1972)Innervisions – Stevie Wonder (1973)Fulfillingness' First Finale – Stevie Wonder (1974)Still Crazy After All These Years – Paul Simon (1975)Songs in the Key of Life – Stevie Wonder (1976)Rumours – Fleetwood Mac (1977)Saturday Night Fever – Various Artists (1978)52nd Street – Billy Joel (1979) 1980–1999 Christopher Cross – Christopher Cross (1980)Double Fantasy – John Lennon & Yoko Ono (1981)Toto IV – Toto (1982)Thriller – Michael Jackson (1983)Can't Slow Down – Lionel Richie (1984)No Jacket Required – Phil Collins (1985)Graceland – Paul Simon (1986)The Joshua Tree – U2 (1987)Faith – George Michael (1988)Nick of Time – Bonnie Raitt (1989)Back on the Block – Quincy Jones and Various Artists (1990)Unforgettable... with Love – Natalie Cole (1991)Unplugged – Eric Clapton (1992)The Bodyguard – Whitney Houston (1993)MTV Unplugged – Tony Bennett (1994)Jagged Little Pill – Alanis Morissette (1995)Falling into You – Celine Dion (1996)Time Out of Mind – Bob Dylan (1997)The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill – Lauryn Hill (1998)Supernatural – Santana (1999) 2000–2019 Two Against Nature – Steely Dan (2000)O Brother, Where Art Thou? – Various Artists (2001)Come Away with Me – Norah Jones (2002)Speakerboxxx/The Love Below – Outkast (2003)Genius Loves Company – Ray Charles & Various Artists (2004)How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb – U2 (2005)Taking the Long Way – Dixie Chicks (2006)River: The Joni Letters – Herbie Hanco*ck (2007)Raising Sand – Robert Plant & Alison Krauss (2008)Fearless – Taylor Swift (2009)The Suburbs – Arcade Fire (2010)21 – Adele (2011)Babel – Mumford & Sons (2012)Random Access Memories – Daft Punk (2013)Morning Phase – Beck (2014)1989 – Taylor Swift (2015)25 – Adele (2016)24K Magic – Bruno Mars (2017)Golden Hour – Kacey Musgraves (2018)When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? – Billie Eilish (2019) 2020–present Folklore – Taylor Swift (2020)We Are – Jon Batiste (2021) Harry's House – Harry Styles (2022) vte Grammy Award for Record of the Year 1958−1979 "Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)" by Domenico Modugno (1958)"Mack the Knife" by Bobby Darin (1959)"Theme from A Summer Place" by Percy Faith (1960)"Moon River" by Henry Mancini (1961)"I Left My Heart in San Francisco" by Tony Bennett (1962)"Days of Wine and Roses" by Henry Mancini (1963)"The Girl from Ipanema" by Astrud Gilberto & Stan Getz (1964)"A Taste of Honey" by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass (1965)"Strangers in the Night" by Frank Sinatra (1966)"Up, Up and Away" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamonte McLemore & Ron Townson) (1967)"Mrs. Robinson" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel & Paul Simon) (1968)"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamonte McLemore & Ron Townson) (1969)"Bridge over Troubled Water" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel & Paul Simon) (1970)"It's Too Late" by Carole King (1971)"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack (1972)"Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack (1973)"I Honestly Love You" by Olivia Newton-John (1974)"Love Will Keep Us Together" by Captain & Tennille (Daryl Dragon & Toni Tennille) (1975)"This Masquerade" by George Benson (1976)"Hotel California" by Eagles (Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Randy Meisner & Joe Walsh) (1977)"Just the Way You Are" by Billy Joel (1978)"What a Fool Believes" by The Doobie Brothers (Jeffrey Baxter, John Hartman, Keith Knudsen, Michael McDonald, Tiran Porter & Patrick Simmons) (1979) 1980−1999 "Sailing" by Christopher Cross (1980)"Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes (1981)"Rosanna" by Toto (David Hungate, Bobby Kimball, Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro & Steve Porcaro) (1982)"Beat It" by Michael Jackson (1983)"What's Love Got to Do with It" by Tina Turner (1984)"We Are the World" by USA for Africa (1985)"Higher Love" by Steve Winwood (1986)"Graceland" by Paul Simon (1987)"Don't Worry, Be Happy" by Bobby McFerrin (1988)"Wind Beneath My Wings" by Bette Midler (1989)"Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins (1990)"Unforgettable" by Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole (1991)"Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton (1992)"I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston (1993)"All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow (1994)"Kiss from a Rose" by Seal (1995)"Change the World" by Eric Clapton (1996)"Sunny Came Home" by Shawn Colvin (1997)"My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion (1998)"Smooth" by Santana (Rodney Holmes, Tony Lindsay, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow, Benny Rietveld, Carlos Santana & Chester Thompson) featuring Rob Thomas (1999) 2000−2019 "Beautiful Day" by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge & Larry Mullen Jr.) (2000)"Walk On" by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge & Larry Mullen Jr.) (2001)"Don't Know Why" by Norah Jones (2002)"Clocks" by Coldplay (Guy Berryman, Jon Buckland, Will Champion, Phil Harvey & Chris Martin) (2003)"Here We Go Again" by Ray Charles & Norah Jones (2004)"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" by Green Day (Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt & Frank Edwin Wright III) (2005)"Not Ready to Make Nice" by Dixie Chicks (Martie Maguire, Natalie Maines & Emily Robison) (2006)"Rehab" by Amy Winehouse (2007)"Please Read the Letter" by Alison Krauss & Robert Plant (2008)"Use Somebody" by Kings of Leon (Caleb Followill, Jared Followill, Matthew Followill & Nathan Followill) (2009)"Need You Now" by Lady Antebellum (Hillary Scott, Charles Kelley & Dave Haywood) (2010)"Rolling in the Deep" by Adele (2011)"Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye featuring Kimbra (2012)"Get Lucky" by Daft Punk (Thomas Bangalter & Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo) featuring Pharrell Williams & Nile Rodgers (2013)"Stay with Me" (Darkchild version) by Sam Smith (2014)"Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars (2015)"Hello" by Adele (2016)"24K Magic" by Bruno Mars (2017)"This Is America" by Childish Gambino (2019)"Bad Guy" by Billie Eilish (2019) 2020−present "Everything I Wanted" by Billie Eilish (2020)"Leave the Door Open" by Silk Sonic (2021)"About Damn Time" by Lizzo (2022) vte Grammy Award for Song of the Year 1958−1979 "Nel blu, dipinto di blu (Volare)" – Domenico Modugno (songwriter) (1958)"The Battle of New Orleans" – Jimmy Driftwood (songwriter) (1959)"Theme of Exodus" – Ernest Gold (songwriter) (1960)"Moon River" – Johnny Mercer & Henry Mancini (songwriters) (1961)"What Kind of Fool Am I?" – Leslie Bricusse & Anthony Newley (songwriters) (1962)"Days of Wine and Roses" – Johnny Mercer & Henry Mancini (songwriters) (1963)"Hello, Dolly!" – Jerry Herman (songwriter) (1964)"The Shadow of Your Smile" – Paul Francis Webster & Johnny Mandel (songwriters) (1965)"Michelle" – John Lennon & Paul McCartney (songwriters) (1966)"Up, Up, and Away" – Jimmy Webb (songwriter) (1967)"Little Green Apples" – Bobby Russell (songwriter) (1968)"Games People Play" – Joe South (songwriter) (1969)"Bridge over Troubled Water" – Paul Simon (songwriter) (1970)"You've Got a Friend" – Carole King (songwriter) (1971)"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" – Ewan MacColl (songwriter) (1972)"Killing Me Softly with His Song" – Norman Gimbel & Charles Fox (songwriters) (1973)"The Way We Were" – Alan and Marilyn Bergman & Marvin Hamlisch (songwriters) (1974)"Send In the Clowns" – Stephen Sondheim (songwriter) (1975)"I Write the Songs" – Bruce Johnston (songwriter) (1976)"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" – Barbra Streisand & Paul Williams (songwriters) / "You Light Up My Life" – Joe Brooks (songwriter) (1977)"Just the Way You Are" – Billy Joel (songwriter) (1978)"What a Fool Believes" – Kenny Loggins & Michael McDonald (songwriters) (1979) 1980−1999 "Sailing" – Christopher Cross (songwriter) (1980)"Bette Davis Eyes" – Donna Weiss & Jackie DeShannon (songwriters) (1981)"Always on My Mind" – Johnny Christopher, Mark James & Wayne Carson (songwriters) (1982)"Every Breath You Take" – Sting (songwriter) (1983)"What's Love Got to Do with It" – Graham Lyle & Terry Britten (songwriters) (1984)"We Are the World" – Michael Jackson & Lionel Richie (songwriters) (1985)"That's What Friends Are For" – Burt Bacharach & Carole Bayer Sager (songwriters) (1986)"Somewhere Out There" – James Horner, Barry Mann & Cynthia Weil (songwriters) (1987)"Don't Worry, Be Happy" – Bobby McFerrin (songwriter) (1988)"Wind Beneath My Wings" – Larry Henley & Jeff Silbar (songwriters) (1989)"From a Distance" – Julie Gold (songwriter) (1990)"Unforgettable" – Irving Gordon (songwriter) (1991)"Tears in Heaven" – Eric Clapton & Will Jennings (songwriters) (1992)"A Whole New World" – Alan Menken & Tim Rice (songwriters) (1993)"Streets of Philadelphia" – Bruce Springsteen (songwriter) (1994)"Kiss from a Rose" – Seal (songwriter) (1995)"Change the World" – Gordon Kennedy, Wayne Kirkpatrick & Tommy Sims (songwriters) (1996)"Sunny Came Home" – Shawn Colvin & John Leventhal (songwriters) (1997)"My Heart Will Go On" – James Horner & Will Jennings (songwriters) (1998)"Smooth" – Itaal Shur & Rob Thomas (songwriters) (1999) 2000−2019 "Beautiful Day" – Adam Clayton, David Evans, Laurence Mullen & Paul Hewson (songwriters) (2000)"Fallin'" – Alicia Keys (songwriter) (2001)"Don't Know Why" – Jesse Harris (songwriter) (2002)"Dance with My Father" – Richard Marx & Luther Vandross (songwriters) (2003)"Daughters" – John Mayer (songwriter) (2004)"Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own" – Adam Clayton, David Evans, Laurence Mullen & Paul Hewson (songwriters) (2005)"Not Ready to Make Nice" – Emily Burns Erwin, Martha Maguire, Natalie Maines Pasdar & Dan Wilson (songwriters) (2006)"Rehab" – Amy Winehouse (songwriter) (2007)"Viva la Vida" – Guy Berryman, Jonathan Buckland, William Champion & Christopher Martin (songwriters) (2008)"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" – Thaddis "Kuk" Harrell, Beyoncé Knowles, Terius Nash & Christopher Stewart (songwriters) (2009)"Need You Now" – Dave Haywood, Josh Kear, Charles Kelley & Hillary Scott (songwriters) (2010)"Rolling in the Deep" – Adele Adkins & Paul Epworth (songwriters) (2011)"We Are Young" – Jack Antonoff, Jeff Bhasker, Andrew Dost & Nate Ruess (songwriters) (2012)"Royals" – Joel Little & Ella Yelich O'Connor (songwriters) (2013)"Stay with Me" (Darkchild version) – James Napier, William Phillips & Sam Smith (songwriters) (2014)"Thinking Out Loud" – Ed Sheeran & Amy Wadge (songwriters) (2015)"Hello" – Adele Adkins & Greg Kurstin (songwriters) (2016)"That's What I Like" – Christopher Brody Brown, James Fauntleroy, Philip Lawrence, Bruno Mars, Ray Charles McCullough II, Jeremy Reeves, Ray Romulus & Jonathan Yip (songwriters) (2017)"This Is America" – Donald Glover, Ludwig Göransson & Jeffery Lamar Williams (songwriters) (2018)"Bad Guy" – Billie Eilish O'Connell & Finneas O'Connell (songwriters) (2019) 2020−present "I Can't Breathe" – Dernst Emile II, H.E.R. & Tiara Thomas (songwriters) (2020)"Leave the Door Open" – Brandon Anderson, Christopher Brody Brown, Dernst Emile II & Bruno Mars (songwriters) (2021)"Just Like That" – Bonnie Raitt (songwriter) (2022) vte Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album 1958−1974 "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" – Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (1958)Peter and the Wolf – Peter Ustinov (1959)Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks – Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (1960)Prokofiev: Peter and The Wolf – Leonard Bernstein (1961)Saint-Saëns: Carnival of the Animals/Britten: Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra – Leonard Bernstein (1962)Bernstein Conducts for Young People – Leonard Bernstein (1963)Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack – Dick Van Dyke & Julie Andrews (1964)Dr. Seuss Presents: "Fox in Sox" and "Green Eggs and Ham" – Marvin Miller (1965)Dr. Seuss Presents - "If I Ran the Zoo" and "Sleep Book" – Marvin Miller (1966)Dr. Seuss: How The Grinch Stole Christmas – Boris Karloff (1967)No Award (1968)Peter, Paul and Mommy – Peter, Paul and Mary (1969)Sesame Street – Joan Cooney & Thomas Z. Shepard (producers) (1970)Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs – Bill Cosby (1971)The Electric Company – Bill Cosby & Rita Moreno (1972)Sesame Street Live! – Joe Raposo (producer) (1973)Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too – Paul Winchell, Sebastian Cabot & Sterling Holloway (1974) 1975−1992 The Little Prince – Richard Burton (1975)Prokofiev: Peter and the Wolf / Saint-Saëns: "Carnival of the Animals" – Hermione Gingold & Karl Böhm (1976)Aren't You Glad You're You – Christopher Cerf & Jim Timmens (producers) (1977)The Muppet Show – Jim Henson (producer) (1978)The Muppet Movie – Jim Henson & Paul Williams (producers) (1979)In Harmony: A Sesame Street Record – David Levine & Lucy Simon (producers) (1980)Sesame Country – Jim Henson & Dennis Scott (producers) (1981)In Harmony 2 – David Levine & Lucy Simon (producers) (1982)E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial – Michael Jackson and Quincy Jones (producer) (1983)Where the Sidewalk Ends – Shel Silverstein and Ron Haffkine (producer) (1984)Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird – Jim Henson & Steve Buckingham (producers) (1985)The Alphabet – Jim Henson, Geri Van Rees & Kathryn King (producers) (1986)The Elephant's Child – Bobby McFerrin & Jack Nicholson (1987)Pecos Bill – Robin Williams and Ry Cooder (1988)The Rock-A-Bye Collection, Volume 1 – Tanya Goodman (1989)The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack – Alan Menken & Howard Ashman (songwriters) (1990)A Cappella Kids – Clifford "Barney" Robertson (producer) (1991)Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – Alan Menken & Howard Ashman (songwriters) (1992) 2011−present All About Bullies... Big and Small – Gloria Domina, James Cravero, Kevin Mackie, Patrick Robinson & Steve Pullara (producers) (2011)Can You Canoe? – The Okee Dokee Brothers (2012)Throw a Penny in the Wishing Well – Jennifer Gasoi (2013)I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World – Neela Vaswani (2014)Home – Tim Kubart (2015)Infinity Plus One – Secret Agent 23 Skidoo (2016)Feel What U Feel – Lisa Loeb (2017)All the Sounds – Lucy Kalantari & The Jazz Cats (2018)Ageless Songs for the Child Archetype – Jon Samson (2019)All the Ladies – Joanie Leeds (2020)A Colorful World − Falu (2021)The Movement – Alphabet Rockers (2022) From 1993–2010, the category was split into Best Musical Album for Children and Best Spoken Word Album for Children. vte Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance 1950s "Catch a Falling Star" – Perry Como (1958)Come Dance with Me! – Frank Sinatra (1959) 1960s "Georgia on My Mind" – Ray Charles / The Genius of Ray Charles – Ray Charles (1960)"Lollipops and Roses" – Jack Jones (1961)"I Left My Heart in San Francisco" – Tony Bennett (1962)"Wives and Lovers" – Jack Jones (1963)"Hello, Dolly!" – Louis Armstrong (1964)"It Was a Very Good Year" – Frank Sinatra (1965)"Strangers in the Night" – Frank Sinatra (1966)"By the Time I Get to Phoenix" – Glen Campbell (1967)"Light My Fire" – José Feliciano (1968)"Everybody's Talkin'" – Harry Nilsson (1969) 1970s "Everything Is Beautiful" – Ray Stevens (1970)"You've Got a Friend" – James Taylor (1971)"Without You" – Harry Nilsson (1972)"You Are the Sunshine of My Life" – Stevie Wonder (1973)Fulfillingness' First Finale – Stevie Wonder (1974)Still Crazy After All These Years – Paul Simon (1975)Songs in the Key of Life – Stevie Wonder (1976)"Handy Man" – James Taylor (1977)"Copacabana (At the Copa)" – Barry Manilow (1978)52nd Street – Billy Joel (1979) 1980s "This Is It" – Kenny Loggins (1980)Breakin' Away – Al Jarreau (1981)"Truly" – Lionel Richie (1982)Thriller – Michael Jackson (1983)"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" – Phil Collins (1984)No Jacket Required – Phil Collins (1985)"Higher Love" – Steve Winwood (1986)Bring On the Night – Sting (1987)"Don't Worry, Be Happy" – Bobby McFerrin (1988)"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You" – Michael Bolton (1989) 1990s "Oh, Pretty Woman (live 1987)" – Roy Orbison (1990)"When a Man Loves a Woman" – Michael Bolton (1991)"Tears in Heaven" – Eric Clapton (1992)"If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" – Sting (1993)"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" – Elton John (1994)"Kiss from a Rose" – Seal (1995)"Change the World" – Eric Clapton (1996)"Candle in the Wind 1997" – Elton John (1997)"My Father's Eyes" – Eric Clapton (1998)"Brand New Day" – Sting (1999) 2000s "She Walks This Earth" – Sting (2000)"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight" – James Taylor (2001)"Your Body Is a Wonderland" – John Mayer (2002)"Cry Me a River" – Justin Timberlake (2003)"Daughters" – John Mayer (2004)"From the Bottom of My Heart" – Stevie Wonder (2005)"Waiting on the World to Change" – John Mayer (2006)"What Goes Around... Comes Around" – Justin Timberlake (2007)"Say" – John Mayer (2008)"Make It Mine" – Jason Mraz (2009) 2010s "Just the Way You Are" – Bruno Mars (2010) vte Grammy Award for Best Music Film 1983–1986 Duran Duran – Duran Duran (1983)Making Michael Jackson's Thriller – Michael Jackson (1984)Huey Lewis & The News: The Heart of Rock 'n Roll – Huey Lewis and the News (1985)Bring On the Night – Sting (1986) Best Performance Music Video (1987−1988) The Prince's Trust All-Star Rock Concert – Various Artists (1987)"Where the Streets Have No Name" – U2 (1988) 1989–2009 Rhythm Nation 1814 – Janet Jackson (1989)Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie – MC Hammer (1990)Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90 – Madonna (1991)Diva – Annie Lennox (1992)Ten Summoner's Tales – Sting (1993)Zoo TV: Live from Sydney – U2 (1994)Secret World Live – Peter Gabriel (1995)The Beatles Anthology – The Beatles (1996)Jagged Little Pill, Live – Alanis Morissette (1997)American Masters: Lou Reed: Rock & Roll Heart – Lou Reed (1998)Band of Gypsys: Live at Fillmore East – Jimi Hendrix (1999)Gimme Some Truth: The Making of John Lennon's Imagine Album – John Lennon (2000)Recording The Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks – Mel Brooks (2001)Westway to the World – The Clash (2002)Legend – Sam Cooke (2003)Concert for George – Various Artists (2004)No Direction Home – Bob Dylan (2005)Wings for Wheels: The Making of Born to Run – Bruce Springsteen (2006)The Confessions Tour – Madonna (2007)Runnin' Down a Dream – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (2008)The Beatles Love – All Together Now – The Beatles and Cirque du Soleil (2009) 2010–present When You're Strange: A Film About The Doors – The Doors (2010)Back and Forth – Foo Fighters (2011)Big Easy Express – Mumford & Sons, Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros and Old Crow Medicine Show (2012)Live Kisses – Paul McCartney (2013)20 Feet from Stardom – Darlene Love, Merry Clayton, Lisa Fischer & Judith Hill (2014)Amy – Amy Winehouse (2015)The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years – The Beatles (2016)The Defiant Ones – Various Artists (2017)Quincy – Quincy Jones (2018)Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé – Beyoncé (2019)Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice – Linda Ronstadt (2020)Summer of Soul – Various Artists (2021)Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story – Various Artists (2022) vte Grammy Award for Best Music Video Video of the Year (1981−1982) Elephant Parts – Michael Nesmith (1981)Olivia Physical – Olivia Newton-John (1982) 1983–1986 "Girls on Film" / "Hungry Like the Wolf" – Duran Duran (1983)"Jazzin' for Blue Jean" – David Bowie (1984)"We Are the World" – USA for Africa (1985)"Brothers in Arms" – Dire Straits (1986) Best Concept Music Video (1987−1988) "Land of Confusion" – Genesis (1987)"Fat" – "Weird Al" Yankovic (1988) 1989–2009 "Leave Me Alone" – Michael Jackson (1989)"Opposites Attract" – Paula Abdul (1990)"Losing My Religion" – R.E.M. (1991)"Digging in the Dirt" – Peter Gabriel (1992)"Steam" – Peter Gabriel (1993)"Love Is Strong" – The Rolling Stones (1994)"Scream" – Michael Jackson & Janet Jackson (1995)"Free as a Bird" – The Beatles (1996)"Got 'til It's Gone" – Janet Jackson (1997)"Ray of Light" – Madonna (1998)"Freak on a Leash" – Korn (1999)"Learn to Fly" – Foo Fighters (2000)"Weapon of Choice" – Fatboy Slim featuring Bootsy Collins (2001)"Without Me" - Eminem (2002)"Hurt" – Johnny Cash (2003)"Vertigo" – U2 (2004)"Lose Control" – Missy Elliott featuring Ciara & Fatman Scoop (2005)"Here It Goes Again" – Ok Go (2006)"God's Gonna Cut You Down" – Johnny Cash (2007)"Pork and Beans" – Weezer (2008)"Boom Boom Pow" – The Black Eyed Peas (2009) 2010–present "Bad Romance" – Lady Gaga (2010)"Rolling in the Deep" – Adele (2011)"We Found Love" – Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris (2012)"Suit & Tie" – Justin Timberlake featuring Jay-Z (2013)"Happy" – Pharrell Williams (2014)"Bad Blood" – Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar (2015)"Formation" – Beyoncé (2016)"Humble" – Kendrick Lamar (2017)"This Is America" – Childish Gambino (2018)"Old Town Road" – Lil Nas X featuring Billy Ray Cyrus (2019)"Brown Skin Girl" – Beyoncé, Blue Ivy & Wizkid (2020)"Freedom" – Jon Batiste (2021)All Too Well: The Short Film – Taylor Swift (2022) vte Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical 1970s Thom Bell (1974)Arif Mardin (1975)Stevie Wonder (1976)Peter Asher (1977)Bee Gees, Albhy Galuten & Karl Richardson (1978)Larry Butler (1979) 1980s Phil Ramone (1980)Quincy Jones (1981)Toto (1982)Michael Jackson & Quincy Jones (1983)James Anthony Carmichael & Lionel Richie / David Foster (1984)Phil Collins & Hugh Padgham (1985)Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis (1986)Narada Michael Walden (1987)Neil Dorfsman (1988)Peter Asher (1989) 1990s Quincy Jones (1990)David Foster (1991)Brian Eno & Daniel Lanois / L.A. Reid & Babyface (1992)David Foster (1993)Don Was (1994)Babyface (1995)Babyface (1996)Babyface (1997)Rob Cavallo (1998)Walter Afanasieff (1999) 2000s Dr. Dre (2000)T Bone Burnett (2001)Arif Mardin (2002)The Neptunes (2003)John Shanks (2004)Steve Lillywhite (2005)Rick Rubin (2006)Mark Ronson (2007)Rick Rubin (2008)Brendan O'Brien (2009) 2010s Danger Mouse (2010)Paul Epworth (2011)Dan Auerbach (2012)Pharrell Williams (2013)Max Martin (2014)Jeff Bhasker (2015)Greg Kurstin (2016)Greg Kurstin (2017)Pharrell Williams (2018)Finneas O'Connell (2019) 2020s Andrew Watt (2020)Jack Antonoff (2021)Jack Antonoff (2022) vte Grammy Legend Award Andrew Lloyd Webber / Liza Minnelli / Willie Nelson / Smokey Robinson (1990)Johnny Cash / Aretha Franklin / Billy Joel / Quincy Jones (1991)Barbra Streisand (1992)Michael Jackson (1993)Curtis Mayfield / Frank Sinatra (1994)Luciano Pavarotti (1998)Elton John (1999)Bee Gees (2003) vte Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 1963–1990 1963 Bing Crosby1965 Frank Sinatra1966 Duke Ellington1967 Ella Fitzgerald1968 Irving Berlin1971 Elvis Presley1972 Louis ArmstrongMahalia Jackson1984 Chuck BerryCharlie Parker1985 Leonard Bernstein1986 Benny GoodmanThe Rolling StonesAndrés Segovia1987 Roy AcuffBenny CarterEnrico CarusoRay CharlesFats DominoWoody HermanBillie HolidayB.B. KingIsaac SternIgor StravinskyArturo ToscaniniHank Williams1989 Fred AstairePablo CasalsDizzy GillespieJascha HeifetzLena HorneLeontyne PriceBessie SmithArt TatumSarah Vaughan1990 Nat King ColeMiles DavisVladimir HorowitzPaul McCartney 1991–2000 1991 Marian AndersonBob DylanJohn LennonKitty Wells1992 James BrownJohn ColtraneJimi HendrixMuddy Waters1993 Chet AtkinsLittle RichardThelonious MonkBill MonroePete SeegerFats Waller1994 Bill EvansAretha FranklinArthur Rubinstein1995 Patsy ClinePeggy LeeHenry ManciniCurtis MayfieldBarbra Streisand1996 Dave BrubeckMarvin GayeGeorg SoltiStevie Wonder1997 Bobby "Blue" BlandThe Everly BrothersJudy GarlandStéphane GrappelliBuddy HollyCharles MingusOscar PetersonFrank Zappa1998 Bo DiddleyThe Mills BrothersRoy OrbisonPaul Robeson1999 Johnny CashSam CookeOtis ReddingSmokey RobinsonMel Tormé2000 Harry BelafonteWoody GuthrieJohn Lee HookerMitch MillerWillie Nelson 2001–2010 2001 The Beach BoysTony BennettSammy Davis Jr.Bob MarleyThe Who2002 Count BasieRosemary ClooneyPerry ComoAl GreenJoni Mitchell2003 Etta JamesJohnny MathisGlenn MillerTito PuenteSimon & Garfunkel2004 Van CliburnThe Funk BrothersElla JenkinsSonny RollinsArtie ShawDoc Watson2005 Eddy ArnoldArt BlakeyThe Carter FamilyMorton GouldJanis JoplinLed ZeppelinJerry Lee LewisJelly Roll MortonPinetop PerkinsThe Staple Singers2006 David BowieCreamMerle HaggardRobert JohnsonJessye NormanRichard PryorThe Weavers2007 Joan BaezBooker T. & the M.G.'sMaria CallasOrnette ColemanThe DoorsThe Grateful DeadBob Wills2008 Burt BacharachThe BandCab CallowayDoris DayItzhak PerlmanMax RoachEarl Scruggs2009 Gene AutryThe Blind Boys of AlabamaThe Four TopsHank JonesBrenda LeeDean MartinTom Paxton2010 Leonard CohenBobby DarinDavid "Honeyboy" EdwardsMichael JacksonLoretta LynnAndré PrevinClark Terry 2011–2020 2011 Julie AndrewsRoy HaynesJuilliard String QuartetThe Kingston TrioDolly PartonRamonesGeorge Beverly Shea2012 The Allman Brothers BandGlen CampbellAntônio Carlos JobimGeorge JonesThe Memphis HornsDiana RossGil Scott-Heron2013 Glenn GouldCharlie HadenLightnin' HopkinsCarole KingPatti PageRavi ShankarThe Temptations2014 The BeatlesClifton ChenierThe Isley BrothersKraftwerkKris KristoffersonArmando ManzaneroMaud Powell2015 Bee GeesPierre BoulezBuddy GuyGeorge HarrisonFlaco JiménezThe Louvin BrothersWayne Shorter2016 Ruth BrownCelia CruzEarth, Wind & FireHerbie Hanco*ckJefferson AirplaneLinda RonstadtRun-DMC2017 Shirley CaesarAhmad JamalCharley PrideJimmie RodgersNina SimoneSly StoneThe Velvet Underground2018 Hal BlaineNeil DiamondEmmylou HarrisLouis JordanThe MetersQueenTina Turner2019 Black SabbathGeorge Clinton and Parliament-FunkadelicBilly EckstineDonny HathawayJulio IglesiasSam & DaveDionne Warwick2020 ChicagoRoberta FlackIsaac HayesIggy PopJohn PrinePublic EnemySister Rosetta Tharpe 2021–present 2021 Grandmaster Flash and the Furious FiveLionel HamptonMarilyn HorneSalt-N-PepaSelenaTalking Heads2022 Bonnie Raitt2023 Bobby McFerrinNirvanaMa RaineySlick RickNile RodgersThe SupremesAnn Wilson and Nancy Wilson vte Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award The Beatles and Richard Lester (1984)David Bowie (1984)David Byrne (1985)Russell Mulcahy (1985)Godley & Creme (1985)Madonna (1986)Zbigniew Rybczyński (1986)Peter Gabriel (1987)Julien Temple (1987)Michael Jackson (1988)George Michael (1989)Janet Jackson (1990)Bon Jovi and Wayne Isham (1991)Guns N' Roses (1992)The Rolling Stones (1994)Tom Petty (1994)R.E.M. (1995)LL Cool J (1997)Mark Romanek (1997)Beastie Boys (1998)Red Hot Chili Peppers (2000)U2 (2001)Duran Duran (2003)Hype Williams (2006)Britney Spears (2011)Justin Timberlake (2013)Beyoncé (2014)Kanye West (2015)Rihanna (2016)Pink (2017)Jennifer Lopez (2018)Missy Elliott (2019)Nicki Minaj (2022)Shakira (2023) vte MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male Bryan Adams (1994)Michael Jackson (1995)George Michael (1996)Jon Bon Jovi (1997)Robbie Williams (1998, 2001, 2005)Will Smith (1999)Ricky Martin (2000)Eminem (2002, 2009)Justin Timberlake (2003, 2006)Usher (2004)Justin Bieber (2010-2015)Shawn Mendes (2016) vte MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography Michael Jackson and Michael Peters (1984)David Atkins (1985)Prince (1986)Paula Abdul (1987)Barry Lather (1988)Paula Abdul (1989)Janet Jackson and Anthony Thomas (1990)Jamale Graves (1991)Frank Gatson, Travis Payne and LaVelle Smith Jr. (1992)Frank Gatson, LaVelle Smith Jr. and Travis Payne (1993)Frank Gatson and Randy Connor (1994)LaVelle Smith Jr., Tina Landon, Travis Payne and Sean Cheesman (1995)Michael Rooney (1996)Peggy Hickey (1997)Madonna and Jonas Åkerlund (1998)Richard Koufey and Michael Rooney (1999)Darrin Henson (2000)Michael Rooney, Spike Jonze and Christopher Walken (2001)Michael Rooney (2002)Frank Gatson and LaVelle Smith Jr. (2003)Fatima Robinson (2004)Kishaya Dudley (2005)Shakira (2006)Marty Kudelka (2007)Michael Rooney (2008)Frank Gatson and JaQuel Knight (2009)Laurieann Gibson (2010)Frank Gatson, Sheryl Murakami and Jeffrey Page (2011)Anwar "Flii" Burton (2012)Bruno Mars (2013)Ryan Heffington (2014)OK Go, air:man and Mori Harano (2015)Chris Grant, JaQuel Knight and Dana Foglia (2016)Teyana Taylor, Guapo, Matthew Pasterisa, Jae Blaze and Derek Watkins (2017)Sherrie Silver (2018)Charm La'Donna (2019)The Lab and Son Sung Deuk (2020)Paul Roberts (2021)Fullout Cortland (2022)Kiel Tutin, Sienna Lalau, Lee Jung and Taryn Cheng (2023) vte NAACP Image Award for Entertainer of the Year Dionne Warwick (1985)Patti LaBelle (1986)Dionne Warwick (1987)Lionel Richie (1988)Eddie Murphy (1989)Oprah Winfrey (1990)Patti LaBelle (1991)Michael Jackson (1992)Whitney Houston (1993)Quincy Jones (1995)Denzel Washington (1996)Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds (1997)Will Smith (1998)Halle Berry (1999)Steve Harvey (2000)Beyoncé (2003)Jamie Foxx (2012)Kevin Hart (2013)Taraji P. Henson (2014)Michael B. Jordan (2015)Dwayne Johnson (2016)Ava DuVernay (2017)Beyoncé (2018)Lizzo (2019)D-Nice (2020)Jennifer Hudson (2021)Angela Bassett (2022) vte NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture 1960s Raymond St. Jacques (1969) 1970s Jim Brown (1970)Donald Sutherland (1971)Billy Dee Williams (1972)No Award (1973)Bernie Casey (1974)James Earl Jones (1975)Bill Cosby (1976)Billy Dee Williams (1977)Paul Winfield (1978)Michael Jackson (1979) 1980s LeVar Burton (1980)Richard Pryor (1981)Louis Gossett Jr. (1982)Eddie Murphy (1983)Prince (1984)Adolph Caesar (1985)Gregory Hines (1986)Danny Glover (1987)Denzel Washington (1988)Morgan Freeman (1989) 1990s No Award (1990)Wesley Snipes (1991)Denzel Washington (1992)Denzel Washington (1993)No Award (1994)Denzel Washington (1995)Denzel Washington (1996)Djimon Hounsou (1997)Danny Glover (1998)Denzel Washington (1999) 2000s Denzel Washington (2000)Denzel Washington (2001)Denzel Washington (2002)Cuba Gooding Jr. (2003)Jamie Foxx (2004)Samuel L. Jackson (2005)Forest Whitaker (2006)Denzel Washington (2007)Will Smith (2008)Morgan Freeman (2009) 2010s Denzel Washington (2010)Laz Alonso (2011)Denzel Washington (2012)Forest Whitaker (2013)David Oyelowo (2014)Michael B. Jordan (2015)Denzel Washington (2016)Daniel Kaluuya (2017)Chadwick Boseman (2018)Michael B. Jordan (2019) 2020s Chadwick Boseman (2020)Will Smith (2021)Will Smith (2022) vte NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Male Artist Larry Graham (1979)Lionel Richie (1982)Michael Jackson (1987)Lou Rawls (1988)Luther Vandross (1989)Luther Vandross (1991)Stevie Wonder (1992)Luther Vandross (1993)Luther Vandross (1995)Babyface (1996)Babyface (1997)Luther Vandross (1998)Brian McKnight (1999)R. Kelly (2000)Luther Vandross (2001)LL Cool J (2002)Luther Vandross (2003)Usher (2004)Prince (2005)Chris Brown (2006)Chris Brown (2007)Jamie Foxx (2008)Maxwell (2009)Usher (2010)CeeLo Green (2011)Usher (2012)John Legend (2013)Pharrell Williams (2014)Pharrell Williams (2015)Maxwell (2016)Bruno Mars (2017)Bruno Mars (2018)Bruno Mars (2019)Drake (2020)Anthony Hamilton (2021)Chris Brown (2022) vte NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video 1990s "Unforgettable" – Natalie Cole (1991)"Black or White" – Michael Jackson (1992)"I'm Every Woman" – Whitney Houston (1993)No Award (1994)"Waterfalls" – TLC (1995)"I Believe I Can Fly" – R. Kelly (1996)"Stomp" – God's Property (1997)"Just the Two of Us" – Will Smith (1998)"Wild Wild West" – Will Smith (1999) 2000s "I Wish" – R. Kelly (2000)"You Rock My World" – Michael Jackson (2001)"Little Things" – India Arie (2002)"Dance with My Father" – Luther Vandross (2003)"If I Ain't Got You" – Alicia Keys (2004)"Unbreakable" – Alicia Keys (2005)"Be Without You" – Mary J. Blige (2006)"Like You'll Never See Me Again" – Alicia Keys (2007)"Yes We Can" – will.i.am (2008)"I Look to You" – Whitney Houston (2009) 2010s "Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)" – Alicia Keys (2010)"Where You At?" – Jennifer Hudson (2011)"Girl on Fire" – Alicia Keys (2012)"Q.U.E.E.N." – Janelle Monáe featuring Erykah Badu (2013)"You & I (Nobody in the World)" – John Legend (2014)"Shame" – Tyrese Gibson (2015)"Formation" – Beyoncé (2016)"That's What I Like" – Bruno Mars (2017)"This Is America" – Childish Gambino (2018)"Juice" – Lizzo (2019) 2020s "Brown Skin Girl" – Beyoncé, Saint Jhn, and Wizkid featuring Blue Ivy Carter (2020)"Essence" – Wizkid featuring Tems (2021)"Lift Me Up" – Rihanna (2022) vte Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 1997 Performers Bee Gees Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin GibbBuffalo Springfield Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, Neil YoungCrosby, Stills, & Nash David Crosby, Graham Nash, Stephen StillsThe Jackson 5 Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, Tito JacksonJoni MitchellParliament-Funkadelic Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, Billy Bass Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, Bernie WorrellThe (Young) Rascals Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, Dino Danelli Early influences Mahalia JacksonBill Monroe Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award) Syd Nathan vte Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 2001 Performers Aerosmith Tom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler, Brad WhitfordSolomon BurkeThe Flamingos Jake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson, Paul WilsonMichael JacksonQueen John Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, Roger TaylorPaul SimonSteely Dan Walter Becker, Donald fa*genRitchie Valens Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award) Chris Blackwell Sidemen James BurtonJohnnie Johnson Articles related to Michael Jackson vte The Jackson 5 / The Jacksons Jackie JacksonTito JacksonJermaine JacksonMarlon Jackson Michael JacksonRandy Jackson Studio albums The Jackson 5 Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 (1969)ABC (1970)Third Album (1970)Jackson 5 Christmas Album (1970)Maybe Tomorrow (1971)Lookin' Through the Windows (1972)Skywriter (1973)G.I.T.: Get It Together (1973)Dancing Machine (1974)Moving Violation (1975) The Jacksons The Jacksons (1976)Goin' Places (1977)Destiny (1978)Triumph (1980)Victory (1984)2300 Jackson Street (1989) Soundtrack album Goin' Back to Indiana (1971) Live albums The Jackson 5 in Japan (1973)The Jacksons Live! (1981)Live at the Forum (2010) Compilations Greatest Hits (1971)Anthology (1976)Joyful Jukebox Music (1976)Boogie (1979)18 Greatest Hits (1983)Soulsation! (1995)Jackson 5: The Ultimate Collection (1995)20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jackson 5 (1999)The Essential Jacksons (2004)The Very Best of The Jacksons (2004)The Motown Years (2008)I Want You Back! Unreleased Masters (2009)J Is for Jackson 5 (2010)Come and Get It: The Rare Pearls (2012) Concert tours The Jackson 5 World TourDestiny World TourTriumph TourVictory TourUnity Tour Specials Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, ForeverMichael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration Television The Jackson 5iveThe JacksonsThe Jacksons: An American DreamThe Jacksons: A Family Dynasty Related articles DiscographySongsChronologyJackson familySteeltown Records Category vte Jackson family Parents Joe JacksonKatherine Jackson Children Rebbie JacksonJackie JacksonTito JacksonJermaine JacksonLa Toya JacksonMarlon JacksonMichael JacksonRandy JacksonJanet Jackson Grandchildren Taj JacksonAustin BrownParis Jackson Musical groups The Jackson 53T Television The JacksonsThe Jacksons: An American DreamThe Jacksons: A Family DynastyThe Jacksons: Next Generation Category vte 3T Taj JacksonTaryll JacksonT. J. Jackson Studio albums BrotherhoodIdentityChapter III Singles "Anything""Tease Me""24/7""Why" (featuring Michael Jackson)"I Need You""Gotta Be You" (featuring Herbie Crichlow)"Stuck on You" Guest appearances "2300 Jackson Street""We Are the World 25 for Haiti" Related articles Jackson familyMichael Jackson Portals: Biography flag United States icon Pop music Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International FASTISNIVIAFWorldCat National Norway 2ChileSpain 2FranceBnF dataCataloniaGermanyItalyIsraelFinlandBelgiumUnited StatesSwedenLatviaJapanCzech RepublicAustraliaGreeceKoreaRomaniaCroatiaNetherlandsPolandRussiaVatican Academics CiNii Artists Emmy AwardsGrammy AwardsMusicBrainzMuseum of Modern ArtULAN People BMLODeutsche SynchronkarteiDeutsche BiographieTrove Other NARASNACIdRef Categories: Michael Jackson1958 births2009 deaths20th-century American businesspeople20th-century American male musicians20th-century American singers21st-century American businesspeople21st-century American male musicians21st-century American singersAccidental deaths in CaliforniaAfrican-American businesspeopleAfrican-American choreographersAfrican-American male dancersAfrican-American male singersAfrican-American record producersAfrican-American rock singersAfrican-American songwritersAmerican beatboxersAmerican child singersAmerican choreographersAmerican dance musiciansAmerican disco singersAmerican expatriates in IrelandAmerican expatriates in BahrainAmerican funk singersAmerican humanitariansAmerican male dancersAmerican male pop singersAmerican male songwritersAmerican manslaughter victimsAmerican multi-instrumentalistsAmerican nonprofit businesspeopleAmerican philanthropistsAmerican rhythm and blues singersAmerican rock singersAmerican rock songwritersAmerican soul singersAmerican tenorsBoy sopranosBrit Award winnersBurials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)Businesspeople from CaliforniaBusinesspeople from IndianaChild pop musiciansCulture of Gary, IndianaDance-pop musiciansDancers from CaliforniaDancers from IndianaDrug-related deaths in CaliforniaEpic Records artistsFormer Jehovah's WitnessesGrammy Legend Award winnersGrammy Lifetime Achievement Award winnersHistory of Gary, IndianaJackson family (show business)Modern dancersMotown artistsMTV Europe Music Award winnersMusic video codirectorsMusicians from Gary, IndianaNew jack swing musiciansPeople acquitted of sex crimesPeople from Santa Barbara County, CaliforniaPeople from Holmby Hills, Los AngelesPeople with lupusPeople with vitiligoPost-disco musiciansPresley familyRecord producers from CaliforniaRecord producers from IndianaSingers from CaliforniaSingers from IndianaSongwriters from CaliforniaSongwriters from IndianaThe Jackson 5 membersWorld Music Awards winnersWorld record holdersWriters from CaliforniaWriters from Gary, Indiana Elvis Presley American singer and actor Also known as: “Elvis the Pelvis”, “King of Rock and Roll”, Elvis Aaron Presley, Elvis Aron Presley Written by Fact-checked by Last Updated: Sep 27, 2023 • Article History Elvis Presley Elvis Presley See all media Category: Arts & Culture in full: Elvis Aaron Presley or Elvis Aron Presley born: January 8, 1935, Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S. died: August 16, 1977, Memphis, Tennessee (aged 42) Awards And Honors: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (1986) Grammy Award (1974) Grammy Award (1972) Grammy Award (1967) Notable Family Members: spouse Priscilla Presley Recent News Sep. 22, 2023, 8:03 AM ET (BBC) Largest Elvis Presley festival in Europe hits Porthcawl Sep. 16, 2023, 8:10 AM ET (The Telegraph) Barry Manilow set to break Elvis's record for longest Las ... Top Questions Who first recorded Elvis Presley? What is the name of Elvis Presley’s estate? How did Elvis Presley die? Was Elvis Presley drafted into the army? Who was Elvis Presley's manager? Elvis Presley, in full Elvis Aaron Presley or Elvis Aron Presley (see Researcher’s Note), (born January 8, 1935, Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S.—died August 16, 1977, Memphis, Tennessee), American popular singer widely known as the “King of Rock and Roll” and one of rock music’s dominant performers from the mid-1950s until his death. Elvis Presley's birthplace Elvis Presley's birthplace Presley grew up dirt-poor in Tupelo, moved to Memphis as a teenager, and, with his family, was off welfare only a few weeks when producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records, a local blues label, responded to his audition tape with a phone call. Several weeks worth of recording sessions ensued with a band consisting of Presley, guitarist Scotty Moore, and bassist Bill Black. Their repertoire consisted of the kind of material for which Presley would become famous: blues and country songs, Tin Pan Alley ballads, and gospel hymns. Presley knew some of this music from the radio, some of it from his parents’ Pentecostal church and the group sings he attended at the Rev. H.W. Brewster’s Black Memphis church, and some of it from the Beale Street blues clubs he began frequenting as a teenager. A Star is Born (1954) Actress Judy Garland as Esther Blodgett and Vicki Lester in a scene from the film directed by George Cukor. Musical movie Britannica Quiz Musical Line-Up Elvis Presley Elvis Presley Elvis Presley's single “Milkcow Blues Boogie” Elvis Presley's single “Milkcow Blues Boogie” Presley was already a flamboyant personality, with relatively long greased-back hair and wild-coloured clothing combinations, but his full musical personality did not emerge until he and the band began playing with blues singer Arthur (“Big Boy”) Crudup’s song “That’s All Right Mama” in July 1954. They arrived at a startling synthesis, eventually dubbed rockabilly, retaining many of the original’s blues inflections but with Presley’s high tenor voice adding a lighter touch and with the basic rhythm striking a much more supple groove. This sound was the hallmark of the five singles Presley released on Sun over the next year. Although none of them became a national hit, by August 1955, when he released the fifth, “Mystery Train,” arguably his greatest record ever, he had attracted a substantial Southern following for his recordings, his live appearances in regional roadhouses and clubs, and his radio performances on the nationally aired Louisiana Hayride. (A key musical change came when drummer D.J. Fontana was added, first for the Hayride shows but also on records beginning with “Mystery Train.”) Presley’s management was then turned over to Colonel Tom Parker, a country music hustler who had made stars of Eddy Arnold and Hank Snow. Parker arranged for Presley’s song catalog and recording contract to be sold to major New York City-based enterprises, Hill and Range and RCA Victor, respectively. Sun received a total of $35,000; Elvis got $5,000. He began recording at RCA’s studios in Nashville, Tennessee, with a somewhat larger group of musicians but still including Moore, Black, and Fontana, and began to create a national sensation with a series of hits: “Heartbreak Hotel,” “Don’t Be Cruel,” and “Love Me Tender” (all 1956), “All Shook Up” (1957), and more. Elvis Presley concert poster Elvis Presley concert poster From 1956 through 1958 he completely dominated the best-seller charts and ushered in the age of rock and roll, opening doors for both white and Black rock artists. His television appearances, especially those on Ed Sullivan’s Sunday night variety show, set records for the size of the audiences. Even his films, a few slight vehicles, were box office smashes. Elvis Presley Elvis Presley Presley became the teen idol of his decade, greeted everywhere by screaming hordes of young women, and, when it was announced in early 1958 that he had been drafted and would enter the U.S. Army, there was that rarest of all pop culture events, a moment of true grief. More important, he served as the great cultural catalyst of his period. Elvis projected a mixed vision of humility and self-confidence, of intense commitment and comic disbelief in his ability to inspire frenzy. He inspired literally thousands of musicians—initially those more or less like-minded Southerners, from Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins on down, who were the first generation of rockabillies, and, later, people who had far different combinations of musical and cultural influences and ambitions. From John Lennon to Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan to Prince, it was impossible to think of a rock star of any importance who did not owe an explicit debt to Presley. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Beyond even that, Presley inspired his audience. “It was like he whispered his dream in all our ears and then we dreamed it,” said Springsteen at the time of Presley’s death. You did not have to want to be a rock and roll star or even a musician to want to be like Elvis—which meant, ultimately, to be free and uninhibited and yet still a part of the everyday. Literally millions of people—an entire generation or two—defined their sense of personal style and ambition in terms that Elvis first personified. As a result, he was anything but universally adored. Those who did not worship him found him despicable (no one found him ignorable). Preachers and pundits declared him an anathema, his Pentecostally derived hip-swinging stage style and breathy vocal asides obscene. Racists denounced him for mingling Black music with white (and Presley was always scrupulous in crediting his Black sources, one of the things that made him different from the Tin Pan Alley writers and singers who had for decades lifted Black styles without credit). He was pronounced responsible for all teenage hooliganism and juvenile delinquency. Yet, in every appearance on television, he appeared affable, polite, and soft-spoken, almost shy. It was only with a band at his back and a beat in his ear that he became “Elvis the Pelvis.” Blue Hawaii Blue Hawaii Viva Las Vegas Viva Las Vegas In 1960 Presley returned from the army, where he had served as a soldier in Germany rather than joining the Special Services entertainment division. Those who regarded him as commercial hype without talent expected him to fade away. Instead, he continued to have hits from recordings stockpiled just before he entered the army. Upon his return to the States, he picked up pretty much where he had left off, churning out a series of more than 30 movies (from Blue Hawaii [1961] to Change of Habit [1969]) over the next eight years, almost none of which fit any genre other than “Elvis movie,” which meant a light comedic romance with musical interludes. Most had accompanying soundtrack albums, and together the movies and the records made him a rich man, although they nearly ruined him as any kind of artist. Presley did his best work in the 1960s on singles either unconnected to the films or only marginally stuck into them, recordings such as “It’s Now or Never (‘O Sole Mio’)” (1960), “Are You Lonesome Tonight?” and “Little Sister” (both 1961), “Can’t Help Falling in Love” and “Return to Sender” (both 1962), and “Viva Las Vegas” (1964). Presley was no longer a controversial figure: he had become one more predictable mass entertainer, a personage of virtually no interest to the rock audience that had expanded so much with the advent of the new sounds of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and Bob Dylan. Elvis: The Comeback Special Elvis: The Comeback Special By 1968 the changes in the music world had overtaken Presley—both movie grosses and record sales had fallen. In December his one-man Christmas TV special aired: a tour de force of rock and roll and rhythm and blues, it restored much of his dissipated credibility. In 1969 he released a single having nothing to do with a film, “Suspicious Minds”; it went to number one. He also began doing concerts again and quickly won back a sizable following, although it was not nearly as universal as his audience in the 1950s; in the main, it was Southern and Midwestern, working-class and unsophisticated, and overwhelmingly female. For much of the next decade, he was again one of the top live attractions in the United States. (For a variety of reasons, he never performed outside North America.) Presley was now a mainstream American entertainer, an icon but not so much an idol. He had married in 1967 without much furor, became a parent with the birth of his daughter, Lisa Marie, in 1968, and got divorced in 1973. He made no more movies, although there was a good concert film, Elvis on Tour. His recordings were of uneven quality, but on each album he included a song or two that had focus and energy. Hits were harder to come by—“Suspicious Minds” was his last number one and “Burning Love” (1972) his final Top Ten entry. But, thanks to the concerts, spectaculars best described by critic Jon Landau as an apotheosis of American musical comedy, he remained a big money earner. He now lacked the ambition and power of his early work, but that may have been a good thing: he never seemed a dated relic of the 1950s trying to catch up to trends but was just a performer, unrelentingly himself. Elvis Presley at Graceland Elvis Presley at Graceland Graceland Graceland However, Presley had also developed a lethal lifestyle. Spending almost all his time when not on the road in Graceland, his Memphis estate (actually just a big Southern colonial house decorated somewhere between banal modernity and garish faux-Vegas opulence), he lived nocturnally, surrounded by sycophants and stuffed with greasy foods and a variety of prescription drugs. His shows deteriorated in the final two years of his life, and his recording career came to a virtual standstill. Presley never seemed confident in his status, never entirely certain that he would not collapse back into sharecropper poverty, and, as a result, he seems to have become immobilized; the man who had risked everything, including potential ridicule, to make himself a success now lived in the lockstep regimen of an addict and recluse. Finally, in the summer of 1977, the night before he was to begin yet another concert tour, he died of a heart attack brought on largely by drug abuse. He was 42 years old. Almost immediately upon hearing of his death, mourners from around the world gathered at Graceland to say farewell to the poor boy who had lived out the American dream. In a way, that mourning has never ceased: Graceland remains one of the country’s top tourist attractions, and Presley’s albums and other artifacts continue to sell briskly. Each August crowds flock to Graceland to honour him on the anniversary not of his birth but of his death. From time to time, rumours cropped up that he did not really die, that his death was a fake designed to free him from fame. Elvis impersonators are legion. His biggest fans—working-class white women, almost exclusively—passed their fanaticism on to their children, or at least to a surprising number of daughters. “Elvis has left the building,” but those who are still inside have decided to carry on regardless. Once more, Elvis Presley is triumphant, although this triumph is shadowed by something far less than happiness. Dave Marsh rock and roll Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Images & Videos Bill Haley and His Comets What cultural changes did East and West Germany undergo during the 1950s? Quizzes USA 2006 - 78th Annual Academy Awards. Closeup of giant Oscar statue at the entrance of the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, film movie hollywood Pop Culture Quiz Publicity still of Elvis Presley in Jailhouse Rock in 1957. (cinema, movies, motion pictures, film) Rock Music and Rock ’n’ Roll Dancers performing the jitterbug at a juke joint outside Clarksdale, Miss., 1939. Rock and Roll Call Related Questions Where does rock music come from? Who led the creation of the hybrid of rock music and folk music, the musical style known as folk rock? Where was science invented? When did science begin? What is the blues? Read Next iPod. The iPod nano released to the public Sept. 2010 completely redesigned with Multi-Touch. Half the size and even easier to play. Choose from seven electric colors. iPod portable media player developed by Apple Inc., first released in 2001. 10 Musical Acts That Scored 10 #1 Hits Laboratory glassware (beakers) 5 Quizzes That Will Tell You Whether You Should Have Been a Scientist Giant portrait of late Chinese chairman Mao Zedong hung over the Forbidden City. Imperial palace complex at the heart of Beijing (Peking), China. Palace Museum, north of Tiananmen Square. UNESCO World Heritage site. Behind the Scenes: 7 Historical Figures in Beatles Lyrics Woman Playing a Theorbo to Two Men, oil on canvas by Gerard Terborch, 1667-1668. (Baroque Art) What’s That Sound?: 8 Intriguing Early Musical Instruments Computer mapping, woman at early 1990s computer Timeline of the 1990s Discover An ancient egyptian hieroglyphic painted carving showing the falcon headed god Horus seated on a throne and holding a golden fly whisk. Before him are the Pharoah Seti and the goddess Isis. Interior wall of the temple to Osiris at Abydos, Egypt. 11 Egyptian Gods and Goddesses Ahura Mazda - relief of the Zoroastrian god Ahura Mazda at the ancient ruins of Persepolis in Iran. Also known as Ormazd Zoroastrianism, Which Religion Is the Oldest? American bison (Bison bison) also known as buffalo or plains buffalo on the prairie, western U.S. What’s the Difference Between Bison and Buffalo? David Cameron. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom talk during the G8 Summit at the Lough Erne Resort in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, June 17, 2013 What’s the Difference Between a President and a Prime Minister? Monitor. Varanus salvadorii is a monitor lizard found in New Guinea can grows to 2.7 metres (9 ft.) aka Tree crocodile, Crocodile monitor, Salvadori's monitor, artellia, reptile 7 of the World’s Most Dangerous Lizards and Turtles Orange basketball on black background and with low key lighting. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society The 10 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time Still from the 2017 movie IT, Bill Skarsgard plays Pennywise the clown. Directed by Andy Muschietti 10 Famous Clowns: From Comical to Creepy Home Entertainment & Pop Culture Music, Contemporary Genres Pop Music Arts & Culture rock and roll early style of rock music Also known as: rock ’n’ roll Written by Fact-checked by Last Updated: Sep 28, 2023 • Article History Bill Haley and His Comets Bill Haley and His Comets See all media Category: Arts & Culture also called: rock ’n’ roll or rock & roll Key People: Elvis Presley Paul McCartney John Lennon Chuck Berry Buddy Holly Related Topics: rock Recent News Sep. 28, 2023, 3:56 PM ET (AP) Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ceremony live this year, with Elton John and Chris Stapleton performing Sep. 21, 2023, 12:39 AM ET (AP) Italian rockers Måneskin continue to revive the genre, selling out Madison Square Garden rock and roll, also called rock ’n’ roll or rock & roll, style of popular music that originated in the United States in the mid-1950s and that evolved by the mid-1960s into the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the latter also continued to be known as rock and roll. Rock and roll has been described as a merger of country music and rhythm and blues, but, if it were that simple, it would have existed long before it burst into the national consciousness. The seeds of the music had been in place for decades, but they flowered in the mid-1950s when nourished by a volatile mix of Black culture and white spending power. Black vocal groups such as the Dominoes and the Spaniels began combining gospel-style harmonies and call-and-response singing with earthy subject matter and more aggressive rhythm-and-blues rhythms. Heralding this new sound were disc jockeys such as Alan Freed of Cleveland, Ohio, Dewey Phillips of Memphis, Tennessee, and William (“Hoss”) Allen of WLAC in Nashville, Tennessee—who created rock-and-roll radio by playing hard-driving rhythm-and-blues and raunchy blues records that introduced white suburban teenagers to a culture that sounded more exotic, thrilling, and illicit than anything they had ever known. In 1954 that sound coalesced around an image: that of a handsome white singer, Elvis Presley, who sounded like a Black man. Publicity still of Elvis Presley in Jailhouse Rock in 1957. (cinema, movies, motion pictures, film) Britannica Quiz Rock Music and Rock ’n’ Roll Presley’s nondenominational taste in music incorporated everything from hillbilly rave-ups and blues wails to pop-crooner ballads. Yet his early recordings with producer Sam Phillips, guitarist Scotty Moore, and bassist Bill Black for in Memphis were less about any one style than about a feeling. For decades African Americans had used the term rock and roll as a euphemism for sex, and Presley’s music oozed sexuality. Presley was hardly the only artist who embodied this attitude, but he was clearly a catalyst in the merger of Black and white culture into something far bigger and more complex than both. In Presley’s wake, the music of Black singers such as Fats Domino, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Bo Diddley, who might have been considered rhythm-and-blues artists only years before, fit alongside the rockabilly-flavoured tunes of white performers such as Buddy Holly, Eddie Cochran, and Jerry Lee Lewis, in part because they were all now addressing the same audience: teenagers. For young white America, this new music was a soundtrack for rebellion, however mild. When Bill Haley and His Comets kicked off the 1955 motion picture Blackboard Jungle with “Rock Around the Clock,” teens in movie houses throughout the United States stomped on their seats. Movie stars such as Marlon Brando in The Wild One (1953) and James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause (1955) oozed sullen, youthful defiance that was echoed by the music. This emerging rock-and-roll culture brought a wave of condemnations from religious leaders, government officials, and parents’ groups, who branded it the “devil’s music.” The music industry’s response was to sanitize the product: it had clean-cut, nonthreatening artists such as Pat Boone record tame versions of Little Richard songs, and it manufactured a legion of pretty-boy crooners such as Frankie Avalon and Fabian who thrived on and who would essentially serve as the Perry Comos and Bing Crosbys for a new generation of listeners. By the end of the 1950s, Presley had been inducted into the army, Holly had died in a plane crash, and Little Richard had converted to gospel. Rock and roll’s golden era had ended, and the music entered a transitional phase characterized by a more sophisticated approach: the orchestrated wall of sound erected by Phil Spector, the “hit factory” singles churned out by Motown records, and the harmony-rich surf fantasies of the Beach Boys. By the mid-1960s this sophistication allowed the music greater freedom than ever before, and it fragmented into numerous styles that became known simply as rock. The following list of best-selling music artists includes those music acts from the 20th century to the present with claims of 75 million or more record sales worldwide. This information cannot be listed officially, as there is no organization that has recorded global music sales. The tables are listed with each artist's claimed sales figure(s) and their total independently certified units and are ranked in descending order by claimed sales. If two or more artists have the same claimed sales, they are then ranked by certified units. The claimed sales figure and the total of certified units (for each country) within the provided sources include sales of albums, singles, compilation-albums, music videos as well as downloads of singles and full-length albums. Sales figures, such as those from SoundScan, which are sometimes published by Billboard magazine, have not been included in the certified units column. Definitions Gold/Platinum certifications issued after 2016, especially on singles, are in some cases more than 50% streaming generated. Some of the 20th century artists can also have significant amount of streaming based certifications. The certified units of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[1][2][3] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[4][5] The certified units for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to the RIAA counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification. The certified units also can be inflated by the redundancy of certifications, because each of tracks downloads and streams contributed to the certifications of both of the single and the respective album. The RIAA counts 10 downloads of individual track as well as 1,500 audio/video streams as an equivalent to one unit of album, including those from singles released prior to the album release.[6] Theoretically, if one song were streamed 1.5 billion times on YouTube, the single would receive Diamond and the whole album could be certified Platinum,[7] thus creating a combined total of 11 million certified units without any sales. Kanye West's album The Life of Pablo achieved Platinum without selling a single copy and was only available for streaming.[8] Issued certifications for songs which have been recorded by multiple artists including featured artists are added to each artist's total amount of certified units, as all the artists would have played a significant part in a song. For example, "This Is What You Came For" and "Where Them Girls At" include Rihanna and Flo Rida, Nicki Minaj as featured artists respectively, so the certifications issued for these songs are added to the total amount of certified units for all involved artists. However, the certifications issued for songs that have been recorded by four or more artists are not included as the artists involved would have played minor roles, examples of such songs are Kanye West's "Monster" and/or "All Day".[a] Standards To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as Billboard. The figures of total certified units within the tables below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos. Markets' order within the tables is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[9][10] The column for certified sales includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more. Artists by reputed sales 250 million or more records The Beatles The Beatles Elvis Presley Elvis Presley Michael Jackson Michael Jackson Elton John Elton John Queen Queen Madonna Madonna Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales The Beatles United Kingdom 1960–1970[11] 1962[11] Rock / pop[11] 292.7 million 600 million[43][44] 500 million[45] Elvis Presley United States 1953–1977[46] 1956[46] Rock and roll / pop / country[46] 233.9 million 500 million[56] Michael Jackson United States 1964–2009[57] 1971[57] Pop / rock / dance / soul / R&B[57] 284.8 million 400 million[70] Elton John United Kingdom 1962–present[71] 1970[71] Pop / rock[71] 210.1 million 300 million[75][76] 250 million[77][78] Queen United Kingdom 1971–present[79] 1973[79] Rock[79] 185.2 million 300 million[82][83] 250 million[84] Madonna United States 1979–present[85] 1983[85] Pop / dance / electronica[85] 183.5 million 300 million[92][93] 250 million[94] Led Zeppelin United Kingdom 1968–1980[95] 1969[95] Hard rock / blues rock / folk rock[95] 142.6 million 300 million[99][100] 200 million[101][102] Rihanna Barbados 2003–present[103] 2005[103] R&B / pop / dance / hip-hop[103] 358.8 million 250 million[107][108] 230 million[109] Pink Floyd United Kingdom 1965–1996, 2005, 2012–2014[110][111] 1967[110] Progressive rock / psychedelic rock[110] 124 million 250 million[115][116] 200 million[117] 200 million to 249 million records Eminem Eminem Mariah Carey Mariah Carey Taylor Swift Taylor Swift Beyoncé Beyoncé Whitney Houston Whitney Houston Eagles Eagles Celine Dion Celine Dion Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales Eminem United States 1996–present[118] 1999[118] Hip-hop[118] 330.25 million 220 million[119] Mariah Carey United States 1988–present[120] 1990[120] R&B / pop / soul / hip-hop[120] 215.9 million 220 million[124] Taylor Swift United States 2006–present[125] 2006[125] Pop / country / rock / folk / alternative[126] 264.2 million 200 million[127] 170 million[128] Beyoncé United States 1997–present[129] 2002[129][130] R&B / pop[129] 237.9 million 200 million[134] 160 million[135] Whitney Houston United States 1977–2012[136] 1984[136] R&B / soul / pop / gospel[136] 163.5 million 200 million[140] Eagles United States 1971–1980, 1994–present[141] 1972[141] Rock[141] 153.2 million 200 million[143] Celine Dion Canada 1981–present[144] 1981[144] Pop / Rock[144] 144.25 million 200 million[149] 175 million[150] AC/DC Australia 1973–present[151] 1975[151] Hard rock / blues rock / rock and roll[151] 130.9 million 200 million[153] The Rolling Stones United Kingdom 1962–present[154] 1963[154] Rock / blues rock[154] 102.9 million 200 million[156][157] 120 million to 199 million records Drake Drake Garth Brooks Garth Brooks Kanye West Kanye West Billy Joel Billy Joel Justin Bieber Justin Bieber Ed Sheeran Ed Sheeran Bruno Mars Bruno Mars Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales Drake Canada 2001–present[158] 2009[158] Hip-hop / R&B / pop[158] 446.14 million 170 million[159] Garth Brooks United States 1989–present[160] 1989[160] Country[160] 165.3 million 170 million[162] Kanye West United States 1996–present[163] 2003[163] Hip-hop / electronic / pop[163] 273.3 million 160 million[165] Billy Joel United States 1964–present[166] 1971[166] Pop / rock[166] 134.6 million 160 million[168] Justin Bieber Canada 2008–present[169] 2009[169] Pop / teen pop / dance pop[169] 291.9 million 150 million[170] Ed Sheeran United Kingdom 2004–present[171] 2011[171] Pop / folk pop[171] 268.7 million 150 million[172] Bruno Mars United States 2004–present[173] 2010[173] Pop rock / R&B[173] 204.9 million 150 million[176] Bruce Springsteen United States 1972–present[177] 1973[177] Rock[177] 128.1 million 150 million[179] U2 Ireland 1976–present[180] 1980[180] Rock[180] 115.1 million 150 million[184] Aerosmith United States 1970–present[185] 1973[185] Hard rock[185] 105.2 million 150 million[187] Phil Collins United Kingdom 1980–2011, 2015–present[188] 1981[188] Rock / progressive rock / adult contemporary[188] 100.3 million 150 million[191] Barbra Streisand United States 1960–present[192] 1963[192] Pop / adult contemporary[192] 98.6 million 150 million[193] ABBA Sweden 1972–1982, 2016–present[194] 1972[194] Pop / disco[194] 70.395 million 150 million[203] Julio Iglesias Spain 1968–present[204] 1968[204] Latin[204] 51.7 million 150 million[207] Frank Sinatra United States 1935–1971, 1973-1995[208] 1940[208] Pop / swing / easy listening[208] 41 million 150 million[210] Katy Perry United States 2001–present[211] 2008[211] Pop[211] 178.1 million 143 million[212] Chris Brown United States 2005–present[213] 2005[213] R&B / hip-hop / pop[213] 218.3 million 140 million[214] Jay-Z United States 1996–present[215] 1996[215] Hip-hop[215] 149.7 million 125 million[216] Metallica United States 1981–present[217] 1983[217] Heavy metal / thrash metal[217] 105.6 million 125 million[219] Lady Gaga United States 2005–present[220] 2008[220] Pop / dance / electronic[220] 165.81 million 124 million[221] Lil Wayne United States 1996–present[222] 1999[222] Hip-hop[222] 194.1 million 120 million[223] Maroon 5 United States 1994–present[224] 2002[224] Pop rock / funk rock / dance-pop[224] 146.4 million 120 million[225] Adele United Kingdom 2006–present[226] 2008[226] Pop / soul[226] 143.7 million 120 million[227] Red Hot Chili Peppers United States 1983–present[228] 1987[228] Funk rock / alternative rock[228] 100.2 million 120 million[230] Fleetwood Mac United Kingdom United States 1967–present[231] 1968[231] Rock / pop[231] 97.5 million 120 million[234] Bon Jovi United States 1983–present[235] 1983[235] Hard rock / glam metal[235] 89.3 million 120 million[238] Rod Stewart United Kingdom 1964–present[239] 1969[239] Rock / pop[239] 84.9 million 120 million[242] Bee Gees United Kingdom Australia[243][244] 1963–2003 2009–2012[245] 1963[245] Pop / disco[245] 75.1 million 120 million[248] 100 million to 119 million records Nicki Minaj Nicki Minaj Coldplay Coldplay Linkin Park Linkin Park George Strait George Strait Pink Pink Britney Spears Britney Spears B'z B'z Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales Nicki Minaj Trinidad and Tobago 2008–present[249] 2010[249] Hip-hop / pop[249] 166.3 million 100 million[250] Coldplay United Kingdom 1997–present[251] 1999[251] Alternative rock / pop rock / pop[251] 135.6 million 100 million[253] Linkin Park United States 1996–present[254] 2000[254] Alternative rock / nu metal / rap rock[254] 105 million 100 million[255] George Strait United States 1981–present[256] 1984[256] Country[256] 108.8 million 100 million[257] Pink United States 1995–present[258] 2000[258] Pop / pop rock / R&B[258] 92.5 million 100 million[259] Britney Spears United States 1998–present[260] 1998[260] Pop / dance / dance-pop[260] 90.7 million 100 million[262] B'z Japan 1988–present[263] 1988[263] Rock / pop rock / hard rock[263] 86.2 million 100 million[264] Shania Twain Canada 1993–present[265] 1993[265] Country pop[265] 86 million 100 million[266] Guns N' Roses United States 1985–present[267] 1987[267] Hard rock / heavy metal[267] 81.3 million 100 million[269] Backstreet Boys United States 1993–present[270] 1995[270] Pop[270] 79.4 million 100 million[274] Eric Clapton United Kingdom 1962–present[275] 1970[275] Rock / blues[275] 71.6 million 100 million[277] Neil Diamond United States 1966–present[278] 1966[278] Pop / rock[278] 71.3 million 100 million[280] Prince United States 1976–2016[281] 1978[281] Funk / R&B / pop / soul / rock[281] 67.4 million 100 million[282] Journey United States 1973–present[283] 1975[283] Rock / soft rock[283] 65.2 million 100 million[285] Paul McCartney United Kingdom 1960–present[286] 1970[286] Rock[286] 67.2 million 100 million[288] Janet Jackson United States 1982–present[289] 1982[289] R&B / pop[289] 65.3 million 100 million[290] Kenny Rogers United States 1958–2020[291] 1975[291] Country / pop[291] 64.7 million 100 million[293] Santana United States 1966–present[294] 1969[294] Rock[294] 62.8 million 100 million[295] Simon & Garfunkel United States 1956–2004[296] 1964[296] Folk rock[296] 62.1 million 100 million[297] George Michael United Kingdom 1981–2016[298] 1984[298] Pop[298] 54.3 million 100 million[300] Dire Straits United Kingdom 1977–1995[301] 1978[301] Rock[301] 53 million 100 million[302] The Doors United States 1965–1973[303] 1967[303] Psychedelic rock[303] 50.5 million 100 million[304] Foreigner United States United Kingdom 1976–present[305] 1977[305] Rock / hard rock[305] 50.4 million 100 million[306] Chicago United States 1967–present[307] 1969[307] Rock / pop[307] 48.5 million 100 million[309] Bob Dylan United States 1959–present[310] 1963[310] Folk / rock[310] 48.3 million 100 million[311] The Carpenters United States 1969–1983[312] 1969[312] Pop[312] 46.7 million 100 million[314] Meat Loaf United States 1968–2022[315] 1977[315] Rock / hard rock[315] 46.6 million 100 million[316] Earth, Wind & Fire United States 1969–present[317] 1971[317] Funk / R&B / soul[317] 44.7 million 100 million[320] Cher United States 1964–present[321] 1965[321] Pop / rock / dance / folk[321] 43.7 million 100 million[327] Def Leppard United Kingdom 1977–present[328] 1979[328] Hard rock / heavy metal[328] 42.6 million 100 million[330] David Bowie United Kingdom 1962–2016[331] 1967[331] Art rock / glam rock / pop[331] 42.5 million 100 million[332] Genesis United Kingdom 1967–1999 2006–present[333] 1969[333] Progressive rock / pop rock[333] 40.3 million 100 million[334] Stevie Wonder United States 1961–present[335] 1962[335] Funk / R&B / soul[335] 40.4 million 100 million[336] Gloria Estefan United States 1975–present[337] 1984[337] Latin pop / dance pop[337] 37.6 million 100 million[339] Tina Turner United States 1958–2009[340] 1960[341] Rock / pop[341] 37.6 million 100 million[342] James Taylor United States 1968–present[343] 1970[343] Rock / pop[343] 36.5 million 100 million[344] Olivia Newton-John Australia 1966–2022[345] 1966[345] Pop[345] 36.1 million 100 million[347] Linda Ronstadt United States 1967–2011[348] 1968[348] Rock / folk / country[348] 33.2 million 100 million[349] The Beach Boys United States 1961–present[350] 1962[350] Rock / pop / surf rock[350] 32.7 million 100 million[351] Donna Summer United States 1968–2012[352] 1974[352] Pop / disco / R&B[352] 31.5 million 100 million[353] 80 million to 99 million records Shakira Shakira Alicia Keys Alicia Keys Christina Aguilera Christina Aguilera Lionel Richie Lionel Richie Johnny Cash Johnny Cash Justin Timberlake Justin Timberlake Ariana Grande Ariana Grande R.E.M. R.E.M. Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales Shakira Colombia 1988–present[354] 1995[354] Latin pop / pop / pop rock[354] 84 million 95 million[355] Alicia Keys United States 1996–present[356] 2001[356] Hip-hop / R&B / pop[356] 96.5 million 90 million[357] Christina Aguilera United States 1993–present[358] 1998[358] R&B / pop / rock[358] 78.1 million 90 million[359] Lionel Richie United States 1968–present[360] 1981[360] Pop / R&B[360] 43.4 million 90 million[362] Johnny Cash United States 1954–2003[363] 1956[363] Country / rock and roll / gospel[363] 32.2 million 90 million[364] Justin Timberlake United States 1992–present[365] 2002[365] Pop / R&B / neo soul[365] 85.5 million 88 million[366] Ariana Grande United States 2008–present[367] 2013[367] Pop / R&B[367] 155.9 million 85 million[368] R.E.M. United States 1980–2011[369] 1983[369] Alternative rock[369] 45.3 million 85 million[370] Post Malone United States 2013–present[371] 2015[371] Pop / R&B / hip-hop[371] 222.2 million 80 million[372] Flo Rida United States 2007–present[373] 2007[373] Hip-hop / hip house /EDM[373] 85.2 million 80 million[374] Usher United States 1991–present[375] 1994[375] R&B / pop[375] 78.4 million 80 million[376] Tim McGraw United States 1990–present[377] 1994[377] Country[377] 72.3 million 80 million[378] The Black Eyed Peas United States 1995–present[379] 1998[379] Hip-hop / R&B / dance[379] 70.9 million 80 million[380] Van Halen United States 1978–2020[381] 1978[381] Hard rock / heavy metal[381] 65.2 million 80 million[382] Ayumi Hamasaki Japan 1998–present[383] 1998[383] J-pop / pop / dance / electronic[383] 64.5 million 80 million[384][385] Tom Petty United States 1976–2017[386] 1977[386] Rock[386] 36 million 80 million[387] Johnny Hallyday France 1957–2017[388] 1960[388] Rock / pop[388] 28.9 million 80 million[390] 75 million to 79 million records The Weeknd The Weeknd Imagine Dragons Imagine Dragons Luke Bryan Luke Bryan Alabama Alabama Nirvana Nirvana Robbie Williams Robbie Williams Artist Country Period active Release-year of first charted record Genre Total certified units (from available markets)[b] Claimed sales The Weeknd Canada 2010–present[391] 2013[391] Pop / R&B[391] 228 million 75 million[392] Imagine Dragons United States 2008–present[393] 2012[393] Pop rock / electropop / pop[393] 145.5 million 75 million[394] Luke Bryan United States 2001–present[395] 2007[375] Country / country pop[375] 94.5 million 75 million[396] Tupac Shakur United States 1991–1996[397] 1991[397] Hip-hop[397] 61.9 million 75 million[399] Alabama United States 1972–present[400] 1980[400] Country/pop rock[400] 58 million 75 million[401] R. Kelly United States 1989–2019[402] 1991[403] R&B / soul / hip-hop[403] 56.8 million 75 million[404] Nirvana United States 1987–1994[405] 1990[405] Grunge / alternative rock[405] 56.6 million 75 million[408] Robbie Williams United Kingdom 1990–present[409] 1996[409] Pop rock[409] 56.1 million 75 million[410] Bob Seger United States 1961–present[411] 1967[411] Rock / Hard rock/ Pop rock[411] 55.3 million 75 million[412] Kenny G United States 1982–present[413] 1984[413] Smooth jazz[413] 53.9 million 75 million[414] Green Day United States 1987–present[415] 1994[379] Punk rock / pop punk / alternative rock[415] 58.8 million 75 million[417] Enya Ireland 1982–present[418] 1987[418] New-age / Celtic[418] 51.9 million 75 million[421] Bryan Adams Canada 1979–present[422] 1979[422] Rock[422] 50.7 million 75 million[424] Bob Marley Jamaica 1962–1981[425] 1975[425] Reggae[425] 46.5 million 75 million[428] The Police United Kingdom 1977–1986 2007–2008[429] 1978[429] Pop / rock[429] 42.2 million 75 million[432] Barry Manilow United States 1973–present[433] 1973[433] Pop / soft rock[433] 36.7 million 75 million[434] Kiss United States 1972–present[435] 1974[435] Hard rock / heavy metal[435] 28.7 million 75 million[436] Aretha Franklin United States 1956–2018[437] 1961[437] Soul / jazz / blues / R&B[437] 26.8 million 75 million[438] See also Record production portal List of best-selling albums List of best-selling albums by country List of best-selling singles List of best-selling singles by country List of best-selling Latin music artists List of best-selling boy groups List of best-selling girl groups List of best-selling female rappers IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year Notes Below you can get an understanding as to when certifications for songs are added to the total certified sales of the listed artists. One lead artist and one featured artist. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both, the lead artist and the featured artist as both will have almost equal amount of part). Two lead artists.(The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both lead artists as both will have almost equal amount of part). Two lead artists and one featured artist. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both lead artists as well as the featured artist. Both lead artists will play a significant part in a song and the part of the featured artist also should be significant enough). One lead artist and two featured artists. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of the lead artist and to the total of both featured artists as almost all should have equal amount of part). Certification systems have been established periodically throughout the past half century; thus, certification databases are not able to cover all sales. Some (or all) records released and sold prior to a certification system's establishment year may not be found within the available searchable certification databases. Year of establishment (from largest market to smallest based on Retail Value each market generates respectively):[9][10] United States: 1958[439] Japan: 1989[440] Germany: 1975[14] United Kingdom: 1973[441] France: 1973[442] Canada: 1975[443] Australia: 1997[19] (online certification-database has begun since 1997. Certifications; however, existed in Australia since the 1970s) Brazil: 1990[444] Netherlands: 1978[22] Italy: 2009[23] (online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2009. Certifications; however, have existed in Italy since the 1980s)[55] Spain: 1979[48] Sweden: 1987[26] Norway: 1993[27] Denmark: 2001[65] (online certifications for Denmark start from 2001. Certifications; however, existed in Denmark since the early 1990s[445]) Switzerland: 1989[446] Mexico: 1999[447] Argentina: 1980[448] Belgium: 1995[449] Austria: 1990[37] Poland: 1995[38] Finland: 1971[450] Ireland: 2005[106] New Zealand: July 1978[40] Portugal:[42](online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2004. Certifications; however, have existed in Portugal since the 1980s)[55] Certified sales might sometimes be larger than actual sales, if stores order more albums than they are able to sell, due to certifications generally being determined by shipments and not actual sales. Often, however, actual sales are larger than certified sales, since record labels must pay a fee to obtain certifications. Record companies often apply for certifications only when a record reaches a multiple-certification level, meaning certifications might not be visible in the databases for more than a short period of time after an album reached a certification level.[451][452] As global music sales declined in the 2000s mostly due to CD burning and downloading from unauthorized sites, certification bodies opted to reduce their certification levels.[453] See the changes in Certification-award-levels in the following markets: United States[454] (Note, U.S. certification-award-levels for singles before 1989 were: 1,000,000 for Gold and 2,000,000 for Platinum.[455] Also, U.S. certification-awards for Shortform albums before September 1996 were: 250,000 for Gold and 500,000 for Platinum[456]) Japan[457][458] Germany[459] (Note, German certification-award-levels for singles before 1988 were: 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum.[460][461][462][74][55]) United Kingdom[463] France[464][442][465][466] Canada[467] (Canadian certification-award-levels for singles before February 1982 were: 75,000 for Gold and 150,000 for Platinum[468]) Brazil[469][470][471] Netherlands[472] Italy[23][473][474] Spain[475][476] Sweden[477] Norway[478][479][480][481][482] Denmark[445][483][484][485] Switzerland[446] Mexico[486][487] Argentina[448] Belgium[488][489] Austria:[488][490][491] Poland[492][493] Finland[450] New Zealand: (NZ certification-levels for singles before 1989 were: 10,000 for Gold, 20,000 for Platinum)[494](NZ certification-levels for singles before June 2007 were: 5,000 for Gold, 10,000 for Platinum)[495] (The levels for singles were adjusted again on June 17, 2016 from previous 7,500 for Gold, 15,000 for Platinum, to 15,000 for Gold, 30,000 for Platinum)[496] Portugal:[497] References "RIAA Debuts Album Award With Streams". RIAA. February 1, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017. "Music streaming numbers now count toward Canada's Gold/Platinum certifications". National Music Centre. September 19, 2016. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2017. "France Now Counts Streaming Towards Certified Sales Awards". musicbusinessworldwide.com. October 5, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017. "RIAA Gold and Platinum: We Found Love". RIAA. February 1, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017. Trust, Gary (June 23, 2015). "Ask Billboard: Rihanna's Best-Selling Songs & Albums". Billboard. Retrieved January 15, 2017. "RIAA AND GR&F CERTIFICATION AUDIT REQUIREMENTS RIAA ALBUM AWARD" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 15, 2022. Tsioulcas, Anastasia (February 1, 2016). "Forget Selling Albums — Artists Can Now Go Platinum Via Streaming". NPR. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Kwateng-Clark, Danielle (April 5, 2017). "Kanye West's 'The Life Of Pablo' Just Went Platinum and He Didn't Even Sell A Single CD". Essence. Archived from the original on July 31, 2021. "RIAJ Yearbook 2017: IFPI Global Music Report 2017 (Page 4)". Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved June 20, 2018. "Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Internationales: ABB. 28// Umsätze aus dem europäischen Musikverkauf (Page 54)" (PDF). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved February 27, 2021. Unterberger, Richie. "The Beatles (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "RIAA: Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved September 23, 2011. "RIAJ: Gold Disc Certifications" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "BVMI: Gold-/Platin-Datenbank". Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved August 5, 2019. "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved September 7, 2018. "InfoDisc: Les Certifications depuis 1973" [InfoDisc: Certifications from 1973]. Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). InfoDisc.fr. Retrieved March 4, 2016. "SNEP: Les Certifications". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). SNEP. Retrieved November 14, 2019. "Music Canada: Gold & Platinum searchable database". Music Canada. Retrieved July 1, 2014. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved September 15, 2009. "Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Moonlight Publishing. Retrieved January 12, 2016. "PMB: Certificados" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil. Retrieved October 27, 2018. "NVPI: Goud/Platina". NVPI. Retrieved July 4, 2018. "F.I.M.I: Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Retrieved June 7, 2018. "PROMUSICAE Charts: Home > Weekly charts" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 17, 2022. Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1991-1995. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 928–939. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2. Retrieved July 31, 2013. "Guld & Platina IFPI" [Gold & Platinum IFPI] (in Swedish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Sweden. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "Trofeer" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2020. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2001)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Certificeringer marts – maj 2010". IFPI Denmark. May 31, 2010. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2016. "IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer". IFPI Denmark. Retrieved January 12, 2020. "Hitparade.ch: Edelmetall". Schweizer Hitparade. Hung Medien. Retrieved July 22, 2017. Note that the certifications for DVDs need to be retrieved by selecting the years at"http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp" "CAPIF: Discos de Oro y Platino (albums)". CAPIF. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2021. "CAPIF: Discos de Oro y Platino (albums and DVDs)". CAPIF. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2021. "Awardees". CAPIF. Archived from the original on June 26, 2002. Retrieved January 16, 2021. "Awards 1997–2003". Belgian Entertainment Association. Ultratop. Retrieved February 4, 2011. "Ultratop: Goud En Platina". Ultratop. Retrieved May 31, 2018. "IFPI Austria : Gold & Platin" (in German). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Austria. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2019. "Polish certification awards 1995–present" (in Polish). ZPAV. Retrieved November 13, 2014. "Kulta- ja platinalevyt: Artistit". Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved November 23, 2019. "Recorded Music New Zealand: The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved May 16, 2015. "Radioscope: Latest Gold / Platinum Albums". Radioscope. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2015. "Artistas & Espectaculos". Artistas & Espectaculos. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2021. Siggins, Gerard (February 7, 2016). "Yeah, Yeah, Yeah! Rare footage of The Beatles's Dublin performance". Irish Independent. Retrieved December 1, 2017. Hotten, Russell (October 4, 2012). "The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy". BBC News. Retrieved January 28, 2013. Wyman, Bill (January 4, 2013). "Did "Thriller" Really Sell a Hundred Million Copies?". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 19, 2022. That's about the same as the five hundred million-plus credited to the Beatles but less than any of the cumulative totals of the individual Beatles, Ringo included. Unterberger, Richie. "Elvis Presley (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "1997 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1979-1990. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 913–929. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2. Retrieved July 31, 2013. Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1996-1999. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 940–952. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2. Retrieved July 31, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 15-2001)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 02-2003)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 42-2003)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Amprofon Certificaciones" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Retrieved December 1, 2019. "Floyd, Kaoma Top Sellers in Portugal Certs (page 69)" (PDF). Billboard Magazine. April 14, 1990. Retrieved December 20, 2021. "Music & Media (26-12-1987)(page-43)" (PDF). Music & Media. December 26, 1987. Retrieved February 6, 2021. "Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog". Reuters. April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Michael Jackson (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)". InfoDisc. Retrieved March 4, 2016. "ARIA Report 6th July 2009 (Issue 1010)" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2013. "ARIA Report 13th July 2009 (Issue 1011)" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2013. "ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (19/01/2015)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015. Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 2000-2002. Iberautor Promociones Culturales. pp. 952–966. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2. Retrieved July 31, 2013. "Sverige Toplistan: Sök". Sverige Toplistan (in Swedish). Retrieved November 18, 2013.Note: To retrieve the certifications, type in artist's name in the box of "Sök", and then click on "Visa" of the desired album/single/video "Hitlisten.nu". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved May 12, 2018. "Guld og platin i august". IFPI Denmark. May 9, 2004. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018. "AFP: Discos Ouro e Platina 2009". AFP. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2021. "AFP: Discos Ouro e Platina 2010". AFP. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2021. "Music & Media (14-01-1989)(page-11)" (PDF). Music & Media. January 11, 1989. Retrieved November 13, 2021. Rothman, Michael (August 29, 2013). "Happy 55th Birthday Michael Jackson - His Top 10 Moments". ABC News. Retrieved September 19, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Elton John (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "1990 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. "Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer". IFPI Denmark. June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2018. "Music & Media (27-12-1986)(page-33)" (PDF). Music & Media. December 27, 1986. Retrieved February 6, 2021. "Elton John adds 2 Winnipeg dates to farewell concert tour". CBC News. September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019. Savage, Mark (January 24, 2018). "Elton John to make statement on future". BBC News. Retrieved January 24, 2018. "UK's Royal Mint celebrates singer Elton John with new commemorative coin". Reuters. July 6, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2021. "Elton John comes to Beaumont's Ford Park on March 12; tickets on sale Jan. 24". Houston Chronicle. January 16, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Queen (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. 年度別ミリオンセラー一覧 2004年 [2004 Million Seller List] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "Audio Gest". AFP. Retrieved August 8, 2021. "Rock band Queen get postage stamp of approval". Reuters. June 23, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020. Caldwell, Nicole (August 24, 2022). "Freddie Mercury: The life story you may not know". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022. Brueggemann, Tom (June 5, 2019). "'Rocketman' Is Another Hit Music Biopic, But Please Don't Think That Makes It a Trend". IndieWire. Retrieved June 5, 2019. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Madonna (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "BVMI: Madonna (MDNA)". BVMI. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2021. "Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010 (Madonna)" (PDF). Moonlight Publishing. Retrieved December 25, 2015. "Guld og platin november/december/januar". IFPI Denmark. February 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018. "Guld og platin i marts". IFPI Denmark. April 13, 2006. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Guld & platin januar 2010". IFPI Denmark. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2016. "CAPIF: Madonna certifications". CAPIF. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2021. Guibourg, Clara (August 15, 2018). "Madonna at 60: The Queen of Pop in seven charts". BBC News. Retrieved August 15, 2018. Marshall, Candice (July 28, 2015). "Madonna announces first tour to Australia in over two decades, first ever concert in New Zealand". ABC News of Australia. Retrieved July 8, 2016. Marcos, Carlos (August 17, 2022). "Madonna has been scandalizing people for 40 years, and nobody's going to stop her". El País. Retrieved August 17, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Led Zeppelin (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "Certifications Albums – Année 2013" (PDF). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved March 3, 2014. "ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (10/11/2014)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014. "The ARIA Report: ARIA Top 100 Albums – Week Commencing 10th August 2015" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2015. Meike, Meike (September 7, 2018). "50 years ago: How it all began for Led Zeppelin". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved January 30, 2019. Cornwell, Jane (September 27, 2014). "Jimmy Page reflects on Led Zeppelin". The Age. Retrieved May 16, 2015. Kot, Greg (June 23, 2016). "Jury finds Led Zeppelin didn't steal 'Stairway to Heaven' riff". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 16, 2017. Barbrick, Greg (December 14, 2012). "Music DVD/CD Review: Led Zeppelin – Celebration Day". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved May 16, 2014. Birchmeier, Jason. "Allmusic: Rihanna (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Guld og platin i marts (31/03/2008)". IFPI Denmark. March 31, 2008. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Guld og platin i september". IFPI Denmark. October 6, 2008. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "The Irish Charts: Certtifications-Awards". Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012. "Rihanna appointed as ambassador by Barbados". BBC News. September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2018. O'Connor, Roisin (September 22, 2018). "Rihanna 'proud' to accept new Barbados ambassador role". The Independent. Retrieved December 14, 2018. Seales, Seales (November 22, 2017). "Cyntoia Brown: Rihanna and Kim Kardashian back jailed teen". BBC News. Retrieved December 14, 2018. Unterberger, Richie. "Allmusic: Pink Floyd (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. Michaels, Sean (July 7, 2014). "Pink Floyd to release a new album in 2014, entitled The Endless River". The Guardian. Retrieved January 2, 2015. "RIAJ: The Record: January 1995 (Page 6)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "IFPI Norge: Troféoversikt" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. April 17, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020. "AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)". AMPROFON. Retrieved June 27, 2019. "Pink Floyd's Waters Angry At Music Streaming". Sky News. May 28, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2017. Martin, Annie (September 22, 2014). "Pink Floyd detail new album 'The Endless River'". United Press International. Retrieved August 13, 2016. "Pink Floyd drummer fears for young musicians trying to break through". The Times. September 8, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Eminem (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Teffer, Matt (February 24, 2019). "Believe the hype: Eminem cements his rap god status". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved February 24, 2019. Ankeny, Jason. "Allmusic: Mariah Carey (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "年度別ミリオンセラー一覧 (Million Seller List by Year)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (Mariah Carey)" (PDF). Moonlight Publishing. Retrieved December 25, 2015. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-4 (UGE 51-2016)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved January 18, 2016. Sullivan, Coleen (November 2, 2017). "Mariah Carey gets hand and footprints cemented in Hollywood history". KABC-TV. Retrieved December 28, 2021. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Taylor Swift (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Gamboa, Itzelth (October 12, 2020). "Taylor Swift's genre-hopping music evolution". The California Aggie. Retrieved June 19, 2021. Egan, Barry (April 25, 2021). "In re-recording her back catalogue Taylor swift is feeling the fear and doing it anyway". Irish Independent. Retrieved April 25, 2021. "5 most popular Instagram accounts". The New Zealand Herald. September 25, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2022. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Beyonce (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "Official Charts Company: Beyoncé". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 17, 2014. "PROMUSICAE: Conciones Top 20 Anual 2007" (PDF) (in Spanish). PROMUSICAE. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 05-2009)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 04-2010)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Protester Follows Beyoncé On Tour, Claims She's Possessed By Demons". CBS. August 29, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2022. "How Beyonce conquered sportswear". Irish Independent. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2022. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Whitney Houston (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (January 2014)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "ARIA Top 100 Albums – Week Commencing 27th February 2012 Issue No.1148 (for single "I Will Always Love You" and albums "The Bodyguard Soundtrack", "Whitney Houston")" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. February 27, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013. "Houston Attains Global Stardom". Billboard. August 9, 1986. Retrieved February 20, 2022. "It's not right but it's okay: New 'Whitney Houston tour' announced". Sky News. May 21, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2021. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Eagles (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (19/01/2015)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015. Glissmann, Bob (July 8, 2021). "The Eagles announce 'Hotel California' tour stop in Omaha". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved July 8, 2021. Proefrock, Stacia. "Allmusic: Celine Dion (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. 年度別ミリオンセラー一覧 1995年 [1995 million-seller list] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (July 2010)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 47-2003)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 22-2008)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. Southern, Keiran (May 21, 2019). "Celine Dion and James Corden recreate famous Titanic scene for Carpool Karaoke". Irish Independent. Retrieved May 21, 2019. Barhat, Vikram Singh (March 6, 2008). "Celine Dion: Taking Chances tour to heights". Gulf News. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: AC/DC (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "Pladebranchen.08 offentliggøres i dag". IFPI Denmark. August 27, 2009. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2017. "AC/DC: Rock's 'kick in the guts'". BBC News. November 6, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2016. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: The Rolling Stones (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (UGE 31-2003)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved November 23, 2021. Lawless, Jill; Dixon, Louise (July 13, 2013). "Rolling Stones celebrate 50 years on stage". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 10, 2023. Milian, Mark (March 2, 2011). "Satisfaction! Rolling Stones selling HD catalog online". CNN. Retrieved July 23, 2023. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: Drake (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 26, 2018. Flemming, Jack (February 28, 2022). "Drake is buying Robbie Williams' Beverly Crest mansion for more than $70 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 28, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Garth Brooks (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "1995 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. Roti, Jessi (July 9, 2019). "Garth Brooks to kick-off 7-city 'Dive Bar' tour at Joe's in Chicago next week". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 9, 2019. Birchmeier, Jason. "Allmusic: Kanye West (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved May 27, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Track Top-40 (Uge 02-2009)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "In pictures: Kanye West". CNN. February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Billy Joel (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (May 2009)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved April 14, 2012. "Billy Joel announces first NZ show in 14 years". 1 News. July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022. Collar, Matt. "Allmusic: Justin Bieber (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved March 24, 2016. Bell, Chris (June 10, 2019). "Justin Bieber challenges Tom Cruise to UFC fight". BBC News. Retrieved June 10, 2019. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Ed Sheeran (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 24, 2018. "'Solo party': Ed Sheeran releases album while isolating for COVID". Reuters. October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021. Jeffries, David. "Allmusic: Bruno Mars (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2015. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 12-2011)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved January 26, 2015. "PARI: List of PARI Gold, Platinum & Diamond Awardees". Philippine Association of the Record Industry. PARI. Retrieved August 30, 2015. "Several NZ Super Rugby franchises caught up in Bruno Mars hoax". 1 News. May 13, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2022. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Bruce Springsteen (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "Guld og platin i april". IFPI Denmark. May 27, 2009. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Springsteen sells music catalog for $500 million: US media reports". France 24. December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: U2 (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (22/09/2014)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014. "CAPIF: U2 certifications for albums". CAPIF. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2022. "Janusonline: AFP certifications 1978-2001". AFP. Retrieved May 2, 2022. McDonagh, Shannon (January 20, 2022). "Bono admits he is 'embarrassed' by singing voice on early U2 releases". Euronews. Retrieved January 20, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Aerosmith (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "1990 ARIA Singles Chart: Annual Charts". ARIA. Retrieved June 30, 2017. "Aerosmith bring entire back catalogue to Universal Music Group". The Irish News. August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Phil Collins (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 05-2005)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 4, 2019. "Veloso: Portugal's Pride" (PDF). Billboard Magazine. May 4, 1991. p. 71. Retrieved August 7, 2022. Payne, Ed (October 29, 2015). "Phil Collins' fans rejoice: Artist announces end of retirement". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2015. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Barbra Streisand (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "Eden Park CEO hints Barbra Streisand may be next after Six60 to play at Auckland stadium". The New Zealand Herald. March 20, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2021. Ankeny, Jason. "Allmusic: ABBA (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2013. "RIAJ: The Record: July 2001 (Gold Album-Page 8)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "RIAJ: Gold and Platinum Database (February 2009)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. Nielsen Business Media, Inc (September 8, 1979). "ABBA's Australian certifications at Billboard Magazine (September 8, 1979 issue)". Billboard. Retrieved April 25, 2010. {{cite magazine}}: |author1= has generic name (help) "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 25-2004)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 51-2008)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 52-2011)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "The Official NZ Music Charts: Top 40 Albums (28 April 2014)". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved March 17, 2015. "The Official NZ Music Charts: Top 40 Albums (19 March 2007)". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved March 17, 2015. Idato, Michael (September 3, 2021). "The way old friends do: ABBA reform, plan virtual tour and new album". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved September 3, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Julio Iglesias (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. May 27, 2000. Retrieved September 23, 2011. "TOP 30 ARTISTAS". Clix Musica. April 9, 2004. Archived from the original on April 9, 2004. Retrieved September 11, 2021. "Julio Iglesias recibe el nombramiento de "Español Universal" que otorga Fundación Independiente". Libertad Digital (in European Spanish). December 11, 2001. Retrieved August 13, 2023. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Frank Sinatra (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 19, 2022. "1993 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. Pisani, Bob (December 11, 2015). "The business of Frank Sinatra". CNBC. Retrieved September 19, 2022. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Katy Perry (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved March 5, 2014. "Katy Perry coming to Mohegan Sun in September". The Providence Journal. May 15, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: Chris Brown (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 26, 2018. Fletcher, Carlton (June 9, 2021). "Chris Brown to perform at Albany Civic Center". The Albany Herald. Retrieved June 9, 2021. Birchmeier, Jason. "Allmusic: Jay-Z (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 20, 2014. "Billionaire rapper Jay-Z just got a whole lot richer". Stuff. March 6, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Metallica (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (07/10/2013)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on September 6, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014. Flemming, Jack (February 20, 2019). "Hilltop haven: Lars Ulrich's scenic Bay Area mansion asks $12 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 6, 2019. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Lady Gaga (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2013. Kelton, Sam (February 20, 2014). "Lady Gaga and Robbie Williams leave Adelaide off Australian tour itineraries". The Advertiser of Adelaide. Retrieved October 12, 2015. Jeffries, David. "Allmusic: Lil Wayne (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 8, 2015. Anderson, Curt (December 11, 2020). "Rapper Lil Wayne pleads guilty to federal weapons charge". The Seattle Times. Retrieved December 11, 2020. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Maroon 5 (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved November 20, 2017. Moorhouse, Donnie (August 31, 2020). "Maroon 5 rescheduled tour keeps Fenway Park, but drops Hartford". The Republican. Retrieved August 31, 2020. Jeffries, Davis. "Allmusic: Adele (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 4, 2015. Sng, Suzanne (September 20, 2021). "Singer Adele goes Instagram official with new boyfriend Rich Paul". The Straits Times. Retrieved September 20, 2021. Prato, Greg. "Allmusic: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. "1993 ARIA Singles Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. McKay, Gabriel (October 16, 2022). "10 Red Hot Chili Peppers songs that tell the story of the punk-funk pioneers". The Herald. Retrieved October 16, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Fleetwood Mac (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "The Official New Zealand Music Charts: 29 June 2003". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. June 29, 2003. Retrieved August 4, 2014. "The Official New Zealand Music Charts: 16 September 2013". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. September 16, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2014. Nicola, Stefan (January 14, 2021). "BMG Buys Fleetwood Mac Rights After 1970s Song Is TikTok Hit". Bloomberg News. Retrieved January 14, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Bon Jovi (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "ARIA Report 28th January 2008 (Issue 935)" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2013. "Bon Jovi's Australian certifications sent by ARIA team". ARIA. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015. Hunter-Tilney, Ludovic (January 13, 2017). "Jon Bon Jovi on hard work, losing his wingman and US inequality". Financial Times. Retrieved January 13, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Rod Stewart (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 18-2006)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved March 15, 2022. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 07-2002)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved March 15, 2022. Fisher, Stewart (October 30, 2019). "Scott Brown: I'm amazed when celebrity super fans like Rod Stewart and Martin Compston idolise me". The Herald of Glasgow. Retrieved November 11, 2019. Colin Larkin (May 27, 2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Omnibus Press. p. 448. ISBN 9780857125958. Maury Dean (2003). Rock 'N' Roll Gold Rush. Algora Publishing. p. 283. ISBN 9780875862071. Eder, Bruce. "Allmusic: Bee Gees (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "RIAJ: The Record: July 1996 (Page 5)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "RIAJ: The Record: November 1996 (Page 4)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. McKay, Hollie (June 5, 2014). "Barry Gibb honors brothers at sold out show, reveals Bee Gees' best song". Fox News Channel. Retrieved February 22, 2017. Jeffries, David. "Allmusic: Nicki Minaj (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 9, 2017. "Rapper Nicki Minaj's father killed in hit-and-run". The New Zealand Herald. February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Coldplay (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 18, 2015. "TOP 30 ARTISTAS - SEMANA 12". Clix Musica. July 3, 2003. Archived from the original on July 3, 2003. Retrieved September 11, 2021. Begbie, Scott (April 22, 2021). "When Aberdeen's Music Hall was Coldplay's stepping stone to global superstardom". The Press and Journal of Scotland. Retrieved April 22, 2021. Leahey, Andrew. "Allmusic: Linkin Park (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 8, 2017. Flemming, Jack (October 1, 2020). "Linkin Park's Mike Shinoda sells Beverly Hills villa for $9 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 1, 2020. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: George Strait (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved June 8, 2014. Martin, Annie (September 23, 2015). "George Strait debuts new single ahead of forthcoming album". United Press International. Retrieved August 31, 2019. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Pink (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 6, 2018. "La Vie en Rose: Let's Peek at the Properties of Pink". The Beaumont Enterprise. October 16, 2021. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2021. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Britney Spears (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Guld og platin i april (01/05/2008)". IFPI Denmark. May 1, 2008. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014. "Britney Spears to perform at MTV Video Music Awards for first time in 10 years". BBC News. August 17, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2017. Eremenko, Alexey. "Allmusic: B'z (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Culross, Mikey Hirano (October 11, 2017). "Meeting of the Masters". Rafu Shimpo. Retrieved December 1, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Shania Twain (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Yarborough, Chuck (June 17, 2018). "Shania Twain to fans at the Q: 'Honey, I'm Home' (concert review)". Associated Press. Retrieved December 22, 2018. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Guns N' Roses (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 15, 2011. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 28-2006)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved August 8, 2018. Sadowski, Stephanie (July 12, 2016). "Guns N Roses heads to Hershey: their history in images". The Patriot-News. Retrieved May 23, 2018. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Backstreet Boys (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. 年度別ミリオンセラー一覧 2001年 [2001 Million Seller List] (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 04-2001)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 03-2002)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Backstreet Boys star Nick Carter will not be charged with 2003 rape". Sky News. September 12, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2019. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Eric Clapton (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 15, 2018. [hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=1&y=2001&list=a40 "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2001)"]. Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved March 8, 2022. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help) Bracelin, Jason (September 12, 2019). "Guitar great Eric Clapton returns to Las Vegas". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2019. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Neil Diamond (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "1996 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. "Neil Diamond to stop touring after Parkinson's diagnosis". Sky News. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Prince (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Hanrahan, Mark (October 26, 2017). "Purple reigns at London exhibition charting Prince's career". Reuters. Retrieved October 26, 2017. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Journey (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (September 2010)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. Balint, Ed (August 6, 2022). "Journey and Donnie Iris electrify stadium crowd with rousing HOF Fest show". The Repository. Retrieved August 6, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Paul McCartney (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "IFPI Sweden: Certifications for 1987–1998" (PDF). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2015. Strauss, Chris (December 17, 2013). "Paul McCartney wanted a free Brooklyn Nets T-shirt more than anything". USA Today. Retrieved February 21, 2018. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Janet Jackson (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Levine, Nick (June 2, 2019). "Why Janet Jackson is pops most underrated legend". BBC News. Retrieved June 2, 2019. Vinopal & Erlewine, David & Stephen. "Allmusic: Kenny Rogers (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (June 2009)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. Gordon, Dave (May 7, 2017). "Kenny Rogers prepares to hang up his microphone". BBC News. Retrieved December 24, 2017. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Santana (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Szaroleta, Tom (October 19, 2017). "Echoes of Woodstock: Santana one of the few big names still on the road". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved October 19, 2017. Unterberger, Richie. "Allmusic: Simon & Garfunkel (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 27, 2018. Tsai, Katie (March 31, 2021). "Sony Music acquires singer Paul Simon's song catalog". CNBC. Retrieved March 31, 2021. Deming, Mark. "Allmusic: George Michael (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (UGE 20-2004". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved January 18, 2017. "Troubled personal life of pop superstar George Michael". Sky News. December 27, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2016. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Dire Straits (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. Alexander, Michael (October 20, 2017). "Dire Straits reunion 'not on the horizon', says band founder John Illsley ahead of Tayside gigs". The Courier of Dundee. Retrieved March 13, 2018. Unterberger, Richie. "Allmusic: The Doors (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Kelsey, Eric (May 20, 2013). "Keyboardist Ray Manzarek of The Doors dies at age 74". Reuters. Retrieved May 11, 2021. Prato, Greg. "Allmusic: Foreigner (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. "Foreigner joins Styx at Bethlehem's Musikfest". Reading Eagle. July 29, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: Chicago (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "RIAJ: Digital downloads: February 2014" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "For Chicago there is no end in sight". CBS News Sunday Morning. July 17, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Bob Dylan (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Bob Dylan makes no mention of Nobel prize at Las Vegas concert". The Irish Times. October 14, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Carpenters (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "RIAJ: Gold and Platinum database (June 2009)". Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. Gomez, Adrian (February 21, 2020). "Now and then". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved February 21, 2020. Ankeny, Jason. "Allmusic: Meat Loaf (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. "Meat Loaf in numbers - after death of icon whose album spent 10 years in charts and with more film credits than Meryl Streep". Sky News. January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Earth, Wind & Fire (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved October 3, 2014. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (May 2011)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "RIAJ: Digital Certifications (April 2013)" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Archived from the original on August 10, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2015. G. Mielke, Randall (August 21, 2015). "Earth, Wind & Fire play the hits and more". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2015. Eder, Bruce. "Allmusic: Cher (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Cher's Australia's certifications sent by ARIA team". ARIA. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013. "Cash Box magazine: Cash Box Great Britain (Issue February 4, 1967 page 58)" (PDF). Cashbox. February 4, 1967. Retrieved January 9, 2017. "Cash Box magazine: Cash Box Great Britain (PDF of Full Issue February 4, 1967 page 58)" (PDF). Cashbox. February 4, 1967. Retrieved January 9, 2017. "Billboard magazine: Believe in the Album (Issue January 22, 2000 page 2)". Billboard. January 22, 2000. Retrieved November 17, 2012. "Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006" (PDF). RIANZ. Retrieved April 7, 2014. Jones, Chris (September 28, 2017). "Believe: 'The Cher Show' to premiere in Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Def Leppard (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "ARIA Report Issue #850" (PDF). ARIA. June 19, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2010. Leonard, Kevin (April 29, 2013). "Def Leppard sponsor Rhiwbina rugby under-10s in Cardiff". BBC News. Retrieved May 28, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: David Bowie (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 11, 2016. Draughorne, Kenan (January 3, 2022). "David Bowie estate sells songwriting catalog for reported $250 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 3, 2022. Eder, Bruce. "Allmusic: Genesis (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. "Book excerpt: Phil Collins' "Not Dead Yet"". CBS News. October 22, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Stevie Wonder (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Nelson, Alex (May 13, 2020). "Stevie Wonder 70th birthday: the songwriter and musician's 12 most famous songs - from Superstition to Another Star". The Scotsman. Retrieved May 13, 2020. Ankenyaccessdate=September 12, 2020, Jason. "Allmusic: Gloria Estefan (Biography)". AllMusic. "1990 ARIA Album Chart". ARIA. Retrieved September 12, 2020.[permanent dead link] "Gloria Estefan on becoming the first Hispanic woman to be inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame: "Every song comes differently" - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. January 18, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023. "Tina Turner marries in Switzerland". BBC News. July 19, 2013. Bush, John. "Allmusic: Tina Turner (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "'It's about self-love': How TINA captures an icon who refused to falter". The Independent. March 27, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021. Ruhlmann, William. "Allmusic: James Taylor (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved November 7, 2015. "James Taylor on career, Kennedy Center Honors". CBS News. December 28, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Olivia Newton-John (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "1991 ARIA Singles Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. Dwyer, Michael (August 13, 2022). "Why did Olivia Newton-John make it in the US when so many others didn't?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 13, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Linda Ronstadt (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Linda Ronstadt: "I'm afraid of suffering, but I'm not afraid of dying"". CBS News. February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019. Bush, John. "Allmusic: The Beach Boys (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. G. Mielke, Randall (August 1, 2016). "Music turned from hobby to job for Beach Boys' Mike Love". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 16, 2017. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Donna Summer (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2013. Reedy, R. Scott (February 17, 2022). "Looking for some 'hot stuff'? Musical about Boston's disco diva Donna Summer opens Feb. 22". The Patriot Ledger. Retrieved February 17, 2022. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Shakira (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2019. Billboard Staff (April 24, 2023). "Shakira Is Billboard's First-Ever 'Latin Woman of the Year'". Billboard. Retrieved April 24, 2023. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: Alicia Keys (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved April 25, 2021. Lindo, Natalie (December 16, 2021). "Alicia Keys says new album is a 'homecoming'". Euronews. Retrieved December 16, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Christina Aguilera (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 24, 2018. Evans, Cleveland (December 18, 2022). "Cleveland Evans: Christina 'anointed' in 'beauty' for centuries". Omaha World-Herald. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2023. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Lionel Richie (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (05/05/2014)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on September 7, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014. Kit, Borys (June 10, 2020). "Lionel Richie Musical 'All Night Long' In the Works From Disney". Billboard. Retrieved June 10, 2020. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Johnny Cash (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 13, 2016. Jones, Rebecca (January 14, 2014). "More Johnny Cash material will be released says son". BBC News. Retrieved September 13, 2016. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Justin Timberlake (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 6, 2018. "Justin Timberlake joins celebrities at 2019 Legends of Golf at Big Cedar Lodge". KYTV (TV). April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Ariana Grande (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved November 6, 2021. Pell, Roxanna (November 5, 2021). "Ariana Grande Reacts To Being Cast As Glinda In Wicked Movie". Screen Rant. Retrieved November 6, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: R.E.M. (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Waters, Lowenna (October 19, 2016). "Former R.E.M. Bassist Mike Mills Teams up with Violinist Robert McDuffie For His First Concerto". The Post and Courier. Retrieved May 18, 2018. Yeung, Neil. "Allmusic: Post Malone (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 15, 2022. Mendoza, Diego (May 6, 2022). "'I'm the happiest I've ever been': Post Malone announces girlfriend's pregnancy". KHOU. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: Flo Rida (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2016. Kernan, Patrick (July 24, 2018). "Hazleton woman injured at Flo Rida show settles lawsuit with rapper, others". Times Leader. Retrieved March 14, 2019. Lane, Lynda. "Allmusic: Usher (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 6, 2016. "Usher Announces New Headlining Las Vegas Residency at Park MGM". Bloomberg News. February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Tim McGraw (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved June 9, 2018. Martin, Amanda (July 23, 2020). "New McGraw single will 'tear you apart'". Press-Republican. Retrieved July 23, 2020. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: The Black Eyed Peas (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. Cumiskey, Neasa (November 30, 2021). "Black Eyed Peas to play Galway's Pearse Stadium in June 2022". Sunday World. Retrieved November 30, 2021. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Van Halen (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. Anderson, Stacey (February 7, 2015). "Van Halen to Release First Concert Album With David Lee Roth". Billboard. Retrieved February 11, 2015. Eremenko, Alexey. "Allmusic: Ayumi Hamasaki (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 28, 2017. "【オリコン】浜崎あゆみ、ソロ初の総売上5000万枚超え「ファンのみんなの記録」 [First solo artist with over 50 million in sales]". Oricon. August 8, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2017. "15年間ありがとう!「ケータイランキング」発表!アーティスト1位はEXILE、楽曲はGReeeeN「キセキ」~レコチョクのケータイ向け「着うた(R)」「着うたフル(R)」サービス12/15終了". Oricon. December 13, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Tom Petty (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. "Tom Petty: Highlights from four decades in rock'n'roll". ABC News of Australia. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Johnny Hallyday (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Certifications Vidéos – Année 2013" (PDF). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved March 3, 2014. Brandle, Lars (March 8, 2017). "Legendary French Singer Johnny Hallyday Is Being Treated for Cancer". Billboard. Retrieved March 18, 2017. Kellman, Andy. "Allmusic: The Weeknd (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved November 22, 2020. Tyska, Jane (February 7, 2021). "Photos: The Weeknd plays Super Bowl LV halftime show". The Mercury News. Retrieved February 7, 2021. Monger, James. "Allmusic: Imagine Dragons (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved December 14, 2021. Sheehan, Jennifer (January 31, 2022). "Imagine Dragons adds tour dates including new show at Allentown's PPL Center". The Morning Call. Retrieved January 31, 2022. Deming, Mark. "Allmusic: Luke Bryan (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved April 12, 2021. Parrent, Amy J (May 25, 2021). "Luke Bryan ushers in season of concerts at Soaring Eagle". The Oakland Press. Retrieved May 25, 2021. Erlewine, Stephan. "Allmusic: 2 Pac (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved July 9, 2017. "1996 ARIA Singles Chart". ARIA. Retrieved February 24, 2018. "Tupac blamed race in Madonna breakup letter". BBC News. July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Alabama (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. Serjeant, Jill (April 12, 2017). "Alabama country music star Jeff Cook suffering from Parkinson's". Reuters. Retrieved December 17, 2017. Halperin, Jem Aswad,Shirley; Aswad, Jem; Halperin, Shirley (January 18, 2019). "R. Kelly Dropped by Sony Music". Variety. Retrieved May 6, 2020. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: R. Kelly (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved May 14, 2018. King, Gayle (March 9, 2019). "The Gayle King Interview with R. Kelly". CBS News. Retrieved March 9, 2019. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Nirvana (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "The ARIA Report: 7th November 2011 (Issue No.1132)" (PDF). ARIA. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2013. "1992 ARIA Singles Chart". ARIA. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018. "Nirvana to be elevated to Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". BBC News. December 17, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Robbie Williams (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 27, 2015. Ridout, Joanne (April 26, 2022). "Inside Robbie Williams' stunning new Californian dream home estate with gym, tennis court and swimming pool". Western Mail. Retrieved April 26, 2022. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Bob Seger (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved January 13, 2022. Mielke, Randall (August 1, 2019). "Hollywood Nights will take RiverEdge Park crowd through Bob Seger's hits". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 7, 2019. Yanow, Scott. "Allmusic: Kenny G (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. Cridlin, Jay (April 20, 2017). "Interview: Kenny G comes to Clearwater, the perfect sax solo always on his mind". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved January 11, 2018. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Green Day (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved February 15, 2020. "Discos de Oro y Platino - Green Day" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2022. Harrington, Jim (April 14, 2015). "Green Day's road to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". The Mercury News. Retrieved October 27, 2016. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Enya (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 03-2001)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. "Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 02-2010)". Tracklisten. Hitlisten.nu. Retrieved June 13, 2018. Savage, Mark (October 23, 2015). "Enya says tour would be 'very possible'". BBC News. Retrieved October 27, 2016. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Bryan Adams (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. "Australian certifications for Bryan Adams" (PDF). ARIA. Retrieved June 13, 2016. Jones, Chris (March 9, 2018). "An exclusive behind the scenes look at the 'Pretty Woman' musical, coming to Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 21, 2018. Ankeny, Jason. "Allmusic: Bob Marley (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "ARIA: ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2004 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved July 20, 2014. "ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (20/05/2013)". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014. "Bob Marley's death anniversary: 10 interesting facts that you shouldn't miss". India Today. May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: The Police (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved September 10, 2014. "International Certifications" (PDF). Cash Box. July 22, 1980. p. 32. Retrieved October 15, 2020 – via American Radio History. "International" (PDF). Cash Box. May 2, 1981. p. 39. Retrieved November 30, 2020 – via American Radio History. Christie, Janet (May 26, 2018). "Interview: Sting on bringing his debut musical to Scotland". The Scotsman. Retrieved May 26, 2018. Huey, Steve. "Allmusic: Barry Manilow (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 28, 2013. "Barry Manilow Broadway comeback hit by bronchitis". BBC News. January 25, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2017. Erlewine, Stephen. "Allmusic: Kiss (Biography)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2013. Martin-Brown, Becca (September 22, 2017). "Rooted In Enjoyment". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved May 11, 2018. Unterberger, Richie. "Allmusic: Aretha Franklin (Overview)". AllMusic. Retrieved August 31, 2013. Martin, Nik (August 13, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, 'Queen of Soul,' gravely ill: report". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved September 5, 2018. "History of the Awards". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 6, 2011. "About RIAJ: History". Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "About BPI Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017. "Les Certifications Officielles: Chronologie Albums". Info Disc. Retrieved March 4, 2016. Nielsen Business Media, Inc (October 2, 1976). "CRIA". Billboard. Retrieved July 1, 2014. {{cite magazine}}: |last1= has generic name (help) "Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos – Certificados" [Brazilian Association of Record Producers – Certificates] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Retrieved October 27, 2018. Guld- og platinplader er devalueret [Gold and Platinum awards are lowered]. April 24, 2003. Retrieved June 7, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community – Awards". Hung Medien. Retrieved September 15, 2009. "Certificaciones (Earlier certification database covering the years 1999–2010)" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2013. "Capif" (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2018. "Goud En Platina - Singles 1995". Ultratop. Retrieved June 30, 2018. "Tilastot" [IFPI Statistics] (in Finnish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Finland. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2010. Bialik, Carl (July 15, 2009). "Spun: The Off-the-Wall Accounting of Record Sales". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2009. "The awards: Certifications". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 6, 2011. "The Recording Industry – World Sales 2003" (PDF). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2009. "Country Takes The Crop (February 14, 2008)". RIAA. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2010. Grein, Paul (May 14, 1989). "New Golden Rule: 500,000 Sales Mark for All Singles". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021. "RIIA Certifications". Billboard. August 10, 1996. Retrieved July 9, 2011. RIAJ Certs Plan Criticized. Recording Industry Association of Japan. October 25, 2003. Retrieved March 30, 2012. "現基準-旧基準(~2003.06)" [Current criteria-Former Criteria]. Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved November 8, 2015. "GOLD-/PLATIN- und DIAMOND-Auszeichnung" [GOLD / PLATINUM and DIAMOND awards] (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved January 26, 2020. Spahr, Wolfgang (July 22, 1978). "From the Music Capitals of the World". Billboard. Retrieved September 17, 2021. Sampson, Jim (December 28, 1985). "Ariola Takes German Singles Honors". Billboard. Retrieved September 17, 2021. Spahrn, Wolfgang (October 11, 1986). "West German Music Sales Up 5%". Billboard. Retrieved September 17, 2021. "Certified Awards Timeline" (PDF). BPI. Retrieved May 1, 2012. "A propos des certifications" (PDF). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (in French). SNEP. Retrieved November 14, 2019. Nielsen Business Media, Inc (July 26, 2006). "France Lowers Gold Standard". Billboard. p. 16. Retrieved April 22, 2012. SNEP reduces Platinum certification. {{cite magazine}}: |last1= has generic name (help) "Les Certifications Officielles: Chronologie Singles". Info Disc. Retrieved March 4, 2016. "Certification Definitions". Music Canada. Retrieved July 1, 2014. CRIA Reports 46% Rise for Disk Certifications. Billboard magazine. February 27, 1982. Retrieved July 29, 2011. "Tabela de Níveis de Certificação Pro-Música" [Levels for Certifications (most recent)] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2015. "Níveis de Certificação" [Levels for Certifications] (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2018. "Certification Award Levels 2009" (PDF). IFPI. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. "Dutch Certification-award-levels" (Words) (in Dutch). NVPI. Retrieved May 1, 2012.[permanent dead link] Newsline: Italian Label Body FIMI. Billboard magazine. February 5, 2005. Retrieved October 24, 2011. "FIMI Lowers Gold, Platinum Levels". Billboard. January 28, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2014. Global Newsline: Spain Lowers Certifications. Billboard magazine. November 26, 2005. Retrieved October 24, 2011. "PROMUSICAE: Top 100 Albums (SEMANA 37: del 07.09.2009 al 13.09.2009)" (PDF). PROMUSICAE. September 13, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2014. "Swedish Certification-award-levels" (PDF). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "Global Music Pulse: Norway". Billboard. July 11, 1998. Retrieved December 28, 2020. "TROFÉREGLER 2002". IFPI Norway. June 30, 2002. Archived from the original on February 2, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2020. "TROFÉREGLER 2007". IFPI Norway. January 1, 2007. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2020. "TROFÉREGLER 2015". IFPI Norway. September 24, 2015. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2020. "Gull og platina". IFPI Norway. January 1, 2018. Archived from the original on June 7, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2020. "IFPI Denmark Revamps Certification Levels". Billboard. February 7, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2011. Nye regler for platinplader til downloads [New rule for Gold and Platinum downloads]. April 20, 2009. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) IFPI Denmark: Guld og platin. 2011. Archived from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) "Certificaciones" (PDF) (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. "Certificaciones (Earlier changes in certification-levels including levels for Pre-loaded albums/singles and Mater Ringtones)" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on July 12, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2013. "35. Standard for Certifying Awards of Countries (Unit sales) (Page 25)" (PDF). IFPI. RIAJ. Retrieved May 26, 2011. "Certification Award Levels 2007" (PDF). IFPI. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2011. "Certification levels for Austria (all periods)" (in German). IFPI Austria. GSA: Austria. Billboard magazine. December 6, 1997. p. 54. Retrieved May 26, 2011. GSA Region Platinum. "Pełny Tekst Regulaminu Przyznawania Wyróżnień" [Complete Rules of Awards] (in Polish). ZPAV. Retrieved November 13, 2014. "Polish Certification-levels" (PDF). ZPAV. Retrieved August 31, 2013. "The Complete NZ Music Charts 1966-2006" (PDF). Dean Scapolo. Retrieved November 12, 2018. "The Official Music Charts of NZ: June 4, 2007" (PDF). rianz.org.nz. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2016. "On Demand Streams Added To New Zealand Top 40 Album Charts". scoop.co.nz. Retrieved July 7, 2016. "Crise emagrece galardões discográficos" [Crisis reduces discographic award levels] (in Portuguese). DN Online. May 13, 2005. Archived from the original on May 24, 2005. Retrieved August 6, 2021. vte Music industry Major companies and organizations Representatives ARIABVMIBPIMusic CanadaFIMIIFPI (worldwide)PMBPROMUSICAERIAASNEP Music publishers BMG Rights ManagementSony Music PublishingUniversal Music Publishing GroupWarner Chappell Music Record labels Major: SonyUniversalWarnerIndependent: ConcordIndependent UK record labelsAAMG Retailers AmazonDigital music stores (iTunes Store)FnacHMVKaspienVirgin Megastores Live music CTS EventimLive NationLiveStyleTicketmaster Major genres BluesCountryEasy listeningElectronicExperimentalFolkGospelHip hopJazzLatinNew AgePopReggaeRhythm and bluesRockWorld Sectors and roles Album cover designArtists and repertoire (A&R)Disc jockeyDistributionEntertainment lawMusic educationMusic executiveMusic journalismMusic publisherMusic storeMusic venueMusical instrumentsProfessional audio storePromotionRadio promotionRecord labelRecord shopRoad crewTalent managerTour promoter Production ArrangementSongwriter ComposerLyricistConductorDisc jockeyHip hop producerHorn sectionRecord producerRhythm sectionOrchestratorSession musician Backup singerGhost singerVocal coachGhostwriterSound engineer Release formats Single (Extended play (EP), 12" single, Cassette single, CD single, Maxi single)Album Double albumMusic videoPromotional recordingPhonograph recordEight-trackCompact cassetteCDDVDAirplayMusic downloadMusic streaming service Live shows ConcertConcert tourConcert residencyMusic festivalMusic competition Charts ARIA ChartsBillboard Hot 100Billboard Argentina Hot 100Billboard Brasil Hot 100Canadian Hot 100Circle ChartG-Music ChartIrish Singles ChartItalian Singles ChartGfK Entertainment chartsEntertainment Monitoring AfricaOricon ChartsNew Zealand Singles ChartRolling Stone Top 100Sino ChartSNEP Singles ChartSverigetopplistanUK Singles Chart Publications BillboardHitQuartersHot PressKerrang!MojoMusica e dischiNMEQRolling StoneSmash HitsTop of the Pops Television Channels Channel VCMTFuseMnetMTVMTV2Tr3sMuchMusicThe Music FactoryVivaVH1The Country Network Series Idol franchisePopstarsStar AcademyThe FourThe VoiceThe X FactorRising Star Achievements Music awardBest-selling music artists In: FinlandGermanyJapanUnited Kingdom (Females)United StatesGenre: LatinNationality: BelgianBritish*talianSwedishBest-selling albums by countryBest-selling singles by countryHighest-earning musiciansHighest-grossing live music artistsHighest-grossing concert tours by womenLatinMost-attended concert toursMost-attended concertsGlobal Recording Artist of the Year Other Album eraAlbum-equivalent unitA-side and B-sideBackmaskingBootleg recordingChristian music industryEnvironmental impactHidden trackLargest music dealsLargest recorded music marketsMost expensive albumsMost valuable recordsMusic certificationParental AdvisoryRecord salesSurprise albumWhite label Record production portal Category Categories: Lists of bestsellersLists of musiciansRock musicPopular musicLists of best-selling music artists
PicClick Insights PicClick Exklusiv
- Popularität - 1 beobachter, 0.1 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 7 days for sale on eBay. Normale beobachtend. 0 verkauft, 1 verfügbar.
- Bestpreis -
- Verkäufer - 34.229+ artikel verkauft. 0.2% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.
Popularität - Michael Jackson Elvis Goldmünze signiert King of Rock'n'Roll Popmusik 5 Sterne
1 beobachter, 0.1 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 7 days for sale on eBay. Normale beobachtend. 0 verkauft, 1 verfügbar.
Preis - Michael Jackson Elvis Goldmünze signiert King of Rock'n'Roll Popmusik 5 Sterne
Verkäufer - Michael Jackson Elvis Goldmünze signiert King of Rock'n'Roll Popmusik 5 Sterne
34.229+ artikel verkauft. 0.2% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.
Aktuelle Bewertungen
EUR 60,11 Sofort-Kaufen 24d 3h
- Michael Jackson Elvis Presley Gold Coin Signed Americana Singer Pop Rock Star
EUR 14,10 Sofort-Kaufen 28d 7h
- 2014 PCGS MS70 $1 Silver Reggie Jackson Baseball Hall of Fame Coin.
EUR 151,89 Sofort-Kaufen 25d 6h
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- Madonna Gold Coin Signed Hollywood Actress Kiss Britney Vintage Album Cover Gay
EUR 7,10 0 Gebote 6d 8h
EUR 108,18 Sofort-Kaufen 28d 10h
- Vintage 1922 Set Of 4 Commemorative Plated Gold Coins Jackson, Washington
EUR 38,23 Sofort-Kaufen 30d 8h
- Michael Jackson Elvis Gold Silver Coin Music Record Autograph Legend Mega Star
EUR 18,34 Sofort-Kaufen 18d 6h
- 2014-W PR70 $5 Gold Baseball HOF PCGS Cal Ripken Jr. Signed Autographed
EUR 874,14 Sofort-Kaufen 9h 17m
- Elvis Presley 25th Anniversary Edition 10 Colorized State Quarters US Coin Box
EUR 47,44 0 Gebote 6d 4h
EUR 24,79 0 Gebote oder Sofort-Kaufen 4d 1h
- Elvis Presley 25th Anniversary Edition 10 Colorized State Quarters US Coin Box
EUR 71,17 0 Gebote 3d 7h
- Madonna Silver Coin Singer Autograph Old Queen of Pop Music Britney Vintage USA
EUR 19,04 Sofort-Kaufen 20d 7h
- Andrew Jackson Presidential 1 Oz .999 Silver Medal
EUR 63,38 Sofort-Kaufen 12d 7h
- ELVIS PRESLEY - The King OFFICIAL JFK Half Dollar U.S. Coin in PREMIUM HOLDER
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- ELVIS PRESLEY - Final Concert OFFICIAL JFK Half Dollar US Coin in PREMIUM HOLDER
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- ELVIS PRESLEY - Comeback OFFICIAL JFK Half Dollar U.S. Coin in PREMIUM HOLDER
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- ELVIS PRESLEY - Aloha Concert OFFICIAL JFK Half Dollar US Coin in PREMIUM HOLDER
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- 2008-P Andrew Jackson From ANNUAL DOLLAR SET Presidential $1 MS69 Gem Pop 17
EUR 437,10 Sofort-Kaufen 2d 13h
- Coin Lot Sacagawea / Bi Centennial / State Quarters / Elvis Quarters - more
EUR 206,52 Sofort-Kaufen 1d 4h
- Complete Elvis Presley Half Dollar Morgan Mint Collection - Movies and Music COA
EUR 154,18 0 Gebote oder Sofort-Kaufen 6d 4h
- ELVIS PRESLEY - Red OFFICIAL JFK Half Dollar U.S. Coin in PREMIUM HOLDER
EUR 11,97 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- 2014w gold REGGIE JACKSON FIRST STRIKE MS70 $5 PCGS Baseball HOF! ONLY 46 EXIST!
EUR 1.038,10 Sofort-Kaufen 17d 7h
- 2014 P $1 Baseball Reggie Jackson Hof Pcgs Ms70 1973 Al Mvp 💰
EUR 437,10 Sofort-Kaufen 1d 8h
- Vintage 1992 Olympic 2 Coin Set w/Box COA and Autographed Thank You
EUR 43,70 Sofort-Kaufen 22d 16h
- Madonna Gold Silver Coin Singer Autograph Old Queen of Pop Music Britney Spears
EUR 7,10 0 Gebote 6d 8h
- Bruce Lee Glass Coin Retro Autographed Old Martial Arts China Kick Boxing Boxer
EUR 7,10 0 Gebote 6d 8h
- 1 Of 7 Byron Scott Autographed Basketball Ball of Fame Proof $1 PR70DCAM Rare
EUR 437,09 Sofort-Kaufen 22d 3h
- Gold Coin 10 Thousand Andrew Jackson Commemorative Coin Not US Currency
EUR 54,63 Sofort-Kaufen 26d 7h
- 2 Beobachter Kolibri s/w Foto-Karte Nr. 544 - Elvis Presley 1958 in "King Creole"
EUR 8,95 Sofort-Kaufen
- Peter Hofmann - Wild And Lonely Heart
EUR 10,83 Sofort-Kaufen
- Wild And Lonely Heart Peter Hofmann:
EUR 4,89 Sofort-Kaufen
- Wild And Lonely Heart Peter Hofmann: 1151364
EUR 4,89 Sofort-Kaufen
- Wild And Lonely Heart von Peter Hofmann | CD | Zustand sehr gut
EUR 3,56 Sofort-Kaufen
- CD Peter Hofmann - Wild and lonely heart - 1990 - 10 Songs
EUR 5,99 Sofort-Kaufen oder Preisvorschlag
- 2 BeobachterPeter Hofmann Wild and lonely heart (1990) [CD]
EUR 6,39 Sofort-Kaufen
- Bob Marley King of Reggae CD UK Slam SLAM0004
EUR 4,67 Sofort-Kaufen oder Preisvorschlag
- Wild And Lonely Heart Peter Hofmann:
EUR 7,48 Sofort-Kaufen
- Wild And Lonely Heart Peter Hofmann: 1279920
EUR 4,98 Sofort-Kaufen