The CHRIS Salivary Microbiome - Characterization of the salivary microbiome in a large sample of South Tyrolean adults in relation to lifestyle, environment, and genetics (2024)

FAQs

What is the composition of the salivary microbiome? ›

The oral cavity harbors more than 700 diverse microorganisms and is considered the second most diverse site after the gut (Deo and Deshmukh, 2019). In healthy subjects, the core salivary microbiome (SM) includes genera Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Actinomyces (Zaura et al., 2009, 2014).

If the amount and components of saliva are not appropriate, the balance of the oral microbiota will be disrupted, and the risk of developing oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, will increase.

DNA microarrays are mainly used in studies to compare the microbiota between different populations. Advantages of the DNA microarray technique are that it is fast, semi-quantitative and samples can be tested for all species simultaneously.

The oral microbiome encompasses multiple distinct microbial niches (eg, plaque and salivary), typically extending to the distal esophagus, and is one of the more diverse habitats associated with the human body, housing fungi, archaea, protozoa, and bacteria from diverse phyla including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and ...

The salivary microbiome consists of the nonpathogenic, commensal bacteria present in the healthy human salivary glands. It differs from the oral microbiome which is located in the oral cavity. Oral microorganisms tend to adhere to teeth. The oral microbiome possesses its own characteristic microorganisms found there.

A clear, tasteless, odorless, slightly acidic (pH 6.8) viscous fluid, consisting of the secretion from the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular salivary glands and the mucous glands of the oral cavity; its function is to keep the mucous membrane of the mouth moist, to lubricate food during mastication, and, in a ...

In fact, saliva is rich with effectors that exert direct antimicrobial activity, such as enzymatic breakdown of bacterial cell walls by lysozyme and sequestering iron by lactoferrin [4, 5].

[47,48] Saliva also contains lysozyme, an enzyme that lyses many bacteria and prevents the overgrowth of oral microbial populations.

Healthcare professionals may take a sample of a person's stool and grow the bacteria that they find on it in a lab. This process should allow them to determine what type of bacteria is causing certain symptoms, such as diarrhea, and inform the treatment options that they recommend.

How do you test for leaky gut microbiome? ›

Urine test: After fasting overnight, you'll drink a solution containing two “probe molecules” of different sizes. These are usually different types of sugar. Testing your urine will show how many of the larger molecules made it through your gut lining.

Gut microbiome testing requires either some or all of a poo sample to be collected in a container and sent to a lab for analysis. The lab analysis can include test tube experiments looking for bacteria that can cause infections, in the same way that we check a urine sample for a urinary tract infection.

Eat, chew or drink (with pulp) prebiotic high fibre foods that help feed probiotic oral bacteria, including nuts, fruits and seeds. Chew more fibre to create an “oral garden mulch” to feed probiotic bacteria.

The human microbiome comprises bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, and archaea, which colonize primarily the gastrointestinal tract, but also the airways and the skin surface from the first days of life and gradually develop and diversify concomitantly with the physiological growth of the individual.

Salivary glands contain three major cell types: acinar cells, ductal cells, and myoepithelial cells. Despite their different locations, each of these glands shares the same fundamental structure, branched ducts that open into the oral cavity and glandular secretory end pieces, called acini, that produce saliva.

Saliva. The microbial composition of saliva includes the microorganisms shed from various oral niches. Therefore, saliva is considered to be a reservoir of the oral microbiota and also a fingerprint of the entire oral microbiota.

It is composed of water, mucus, proteins, mineral salts, and amylase. As saliva circulates in the mouth cavity it picks up food debris, bacterial cells, and white blood cells.